Silico Characterization Of The Association Between Rs12670798 And Ldl Cholesterol

Development in personalized medicine could greatly influence the current standards of diagnosis, prognosis and treatment. The Human Genome Project guaranteed a revolution in the individualized treatment concept. Just as a person’s characteristics are unique to their genomic information, the origin to a disease could be correlated with the genomic sequences unique to that person. An advantage of such a therapeutic approach is diagnosing the possible susceptibility to a disease and preventing this outcome by providing drug therapies much before its outbreak.

(2012) suggest that, “genetic ancestry has a significant association with type 2 diabetes above and beyond its association with non-genetic risk factors for type 2 diabetes in African Americans, but no single gene with a major effect is sufficient to explain a large portion of the observed population difference in risk of diabetes. and that there is a interplay among specific genetic factors, which may both be associated with overall admixture, leading to the observed ethnic differences in diabetes

Braun tells me that there are possibly a million SNPs in each person, though only a small fraction are tightly linked with common ailments. These disease-causing SNPs are fueling a biotech bonanza; the hope is that after finding them, the discoverers can design wonder drugs. In the crowded SNP field, Sequenom vies with Iceland-based deCode Genetics, American companies such as Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Orchid

HC1: Personalized medicine is a relatively new practice that involves using a person’s genetics to make medical decisions about which direction to take in terms of disease prevention, treatment, and diagnosis (“Personalized medicine,” 2015). The practice of personalized medicine allows doctors to predict which diseases a certain individual may be susceptible to so that proper treatment less likely to harm the patient can be ensued. This could potentially be an incredible breakthrough in the field of science and medicine (“What is personalized”, n.d.).

Genetics - Certain genes can lead someone to have a higher risk of type 1 diabetes

The recently completed human genome sequence has greatly assisted the detection of QTLs and polymorphisms (2). It must also be emphasized that genes do not directly dictate action, but rather are mediated by the proteins that they code for. It is necessary to examine not only the genes but also the assortment of proteins responsible for expression of particular traits (3)It is anticipated that detailed analysis of the human genome will contribute to understandings about gene organization and transcription, and hence regulatory elements that control expression. By utilizing genomic and proteomic tools, the relationship between gene/protein and behavior may be more accurately described.

Over the years, the knowledge that genetic, environmental, and social factors interact as risk factors for

The propensity for specific disease processes are found when analyzing a client’s family tree history. Typically, completing a genogram with at least three generations can show which disease processes show a pattern in a specific family tree. As figure 1 shows, the current generation has a predisposition for cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cancer. The history complied spans four generations, with three generations on the paternal side, father, grandfather, grandmother, and great-grandfather, contracting heart disease, either suffering from a heart attack, having high blood pressure, or high cholesterol. On the maternal side, there is little information past the second generation. However,

There are many studies related to diabetes, but it necessary to research further those studies that focus on how race/genetic factor affects diabetes. The most common focus of many studies has been to consider to further research the relationship between B-cells and diabetes. It is also believed that type two diabetes may have been associated with some genetic factors of a specific race. It is mentioned that although it is rare, in some forms of diabetes mutations of one gene can cause the disease (Dean& McEntyre, 2004.). The idea is that there are many variations in genes sequencing, which makes it difficult to link the gene variations known as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to the risk of developing diabetes. With that said,

relatively rare single-gene or chromosomal disorders. But as result of advances in molecular medicine, genetics is now able to provide information about more common and accordingly more costly diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, cancer, and coronary artery disease. It is the predictive ability of genetic tests for these diseases that makes them especially intriguing in adopting a preventive medicine approach and reducing overall healthcare expenditures.

To an extent, most diseases are related back to the genetic makeup you are born with. For example, your genes can influence your risk for certain degenerative diseases from osteoporosis to Alzheimer’s disease, cancer and diabetes or even something as simple as the common cold (“Direct-to-consumer genetic testing kits”, 2010). Your genetics can also determine how susceptible your body is to infections, allergic reactions, or how your body breaks body nutrients and drugs (Direct-to-consumer genetic testing kits, 2010). Due to scientific and technological advancements, it not now possible to predict your unique risk for certain diseases and how to prevent them through at home genetic testing kits (“Direct-to-consumer genetic testing kits”, 2010).

After examining my family’s health genome, I am able to identify strengths and weaknesses of my family’s health. For strengths, my mother’s side has little to no health conditions or concerns. Also, neither side has had a history of cancer. However, there are some weaknesses in my family health tree. My biggest concern for my immediate family, and my dad’s side is hypertension and heart disease. Even though this may just be due to lifestyle factors, I think there may be a genetic factor involved as well. This is because hypertension appears in both my aunt and dad.

After the completion of the Human Genome Sequencing project, which provided the opportunity to systematically search across the genome and to test large numbers of common genetic variants for association with disease, GWAS have been successfully applied to the study of many complex diseases. GWAS make it possible to examine the associations of thousands of

In this article, the researchers sought to determine if linkage disequilibrium could be used to map disease-causing genes. This is of practical importance to the human population in that, it could lead to earlier diagnosis and prevention or delay of disease progression. The researchers evaluated work of previous studies and expanded it to a larger section genome samples. This allowed the researchers to obtain a greater depth of knowledge in comparison of multiple regional ethnicities. Linkage disequilibrium is the non-random association of alleles at different loci. Disequilibrium occurs when the frequency of a certain allele is either higher or lower than the expected value given by independent assortment and random association. Linkage disequilibrium

There were two classes of cancer susceptibility variants identified. First one was the rare-moderate penetrance variants that were known through the candidate genes, which had a risk allele frequency of less than 2%. An example of this would be when other genes encoded proteins in the DNA damage, which is associated with breast cancer risk. The second one would be the common low-penetrance alleles, which had risk allele frequency less than 5%. This reflected upon the various subgroups of risk alleles that were detected. GWAS compared the frequency of common DNA variations with healthy individuals. Figure 2 showed the performance of DNA samples that were taken. The controls and patients’ DNA samples were genotyped using genome platforms that analyzed genetic variations in single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). There should be a match between the patients and controls to attenuate the false-positive associations. To minimize them, statistical thresholds like Bonferroni correction is used.