Similarities And Differences Between Lee Lean Yew And Sukarno

The purpose and the intent of this paper are to compare and contrast the leadership styles and scope of influence of two historical leaders. This paper will capture what made this historical leader effective looking at these points of interest one) Integrity, two) Knowledge, three) Sincerity of purpose and four) Care for others. This paper will also view how the historical leader influenced the lives of others in a positive or negative way. How will or has this leader been remembered in history? In my personal opinion would I consider this leader a servant-leader and how did these leaders use their communication skills gain the support for their ideas doing the time of leading others. It is the hope that the reader will be able to make a

Indonesia and Philippines have similarities yet very different political system even though there are located in the Southeast Asia region. Both states are considered to be electoral democratic regime according to Larry Diamond’s sixfold typology (Dayley & Neher, 2013, p. 21). Interestingly, both states received a relatively good freedom rating in Southeast Asia by Freedom House in 2016, which is 3- partly free. Thus, Indonesia and Philippines are chosen as the research subject in this assignment as the non-democratic regime states for the comparison analysis.

According to AAFC (Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 2010) due to its extensive natural resources and geographical location, in the way of several of the world’s most important trading routes, Indonesia represents the Southeast Asia’s largest economy. On a global perspective, Indonesia is the fourth most populated country and has the largest Muslim population, besides being the world’s largest archipelago, with around 17,000 islands. The country’s GDP (Gross Domestic Product) is also showing considerable and stable growth throughout the years and unemployment rates dropped considerably (AAFC, 2011).

Starting in the 1960s, East Timor was trying to gain independence and in 1974 things seemed likely when Portugal began to relinquish control of its colonies. However, Indonesia decided to take advantage of the lack of control and on the 7th of December 1975, East Timor was invaded by the armed forces of the Republic of Indonesia. Soon after, East Timor was declared Indonesia’s twenty-seventh province on 17th of July 1976. This led to many reports of widespread atrocities, with the international community only prepared to engage in token gestures. Although the UN recognized East Timor’s right to self determination, there were not key powers within the UN that would actively fight against Indonesia, mostly for political

This approach is derived from a similarly paradoxical situation, that of Singapore's evolution as a nation. Singapore's history from the formation of the Federation of Malaysia through merger with Malaya, to independence in 1965, up till the present day, is a tale of triumph over tribulations. The two years as part of Malaysia were especially traumatic, complete with heated political campaigns and two racial riots. Yet these were not as distressful as the separation of Singapore from Malaysia in 1965, which in effect compelled Singapore to eke out a living on its own. Just as doubt is supposedly an impediment to successful persuasion, so Singapore's vulnerabilities and limitations as a small state were thought to stand in the way of its progress. Yet these anticipated dangers served as a rallying point around which the leaders of the country linked arms with the people. This sense of vulnerability not only guided the leadership in policy-making, it impressed upon the people that they had a point to prove to detractors who had doubted the viability of the nation. Judging by the role which uncertainty

Entering the Early Independence Era, the Dutch’s role was getting weaker and replaced by the Japanese. However, the Japanese occupation had been just a while before they surrendered to the allies after the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki City. Consequently, a power vacuum occurred in Indonesia that later used by the youth along with President Soekarno and the Vice President Mohammad Hatta to proclaim the independence of Indonesia as a state.

After four long years of fighting and tense negotiations, the Dutch finally recognized Indonesian independence at the end of 1949. The President of this new fledgling nation was a man by the name of Achmad Sukarno, and he would lead this nation through its revolution in 1945 up until 1967 when he was forced to resign. His reign was one of founding, which demeaned the idea of parliamentary democracy as inappropriate for the Indonesian people, and so he adopted a policy known as Guided democracy, a type of autocratic rule. But due to the diversity of both the people and radical differences of political parties within this new weak state and the uneven representation of political factions, this governmental system was doomed to fail. The instability of the new Indonesian government coupled with the attempts of Indonesia’s first president to pit different

The United Nations helped sponsored the act of self-determination which was the August 30, 1999 referendum. The referendum was able to held because of the resignation of Indonesian President Suharto and the new president Habibie Jakarta. The result of the referendum was about 78.5% voted for their movement toward independence and 21.5% voted against their movement toward independence. However, before the referendum violence started to break out. Anti-independence militia groups started killings and kidnappings of East Timor citizens. The indonesian military forced many East Timor citizens to join these groups and would train them. The few months before the referendum, the anti-independence militia killed 57 citizens and destroyed many of infrastructure. This created about 200,000 - 300,000 refugees. United Nations helped try keep the peace and stability in East Timor with the multinational military know as INTERFET or International Force for East Timor. Which was made up by 17 nations and about 9,900 soldiers. Most of the troops came from Australia making up 4,400 and the remainder was mostly from Southeast

After Suharto ended his long dictatorial reign in 1998 there was a substantial increase in religious and ethnic conflict in Indonesia. Author Jacques Bertrand claims religious and ethnic conflict defined Indonesia’s national model. This resulted in three critical junctures during Suharto’s retirement of his sovereign rule. The three critical junctures defined Indonesia’s “terms of citizenship, and give meaning to the structure and procedures of an institution” (Bertrand, 20). When Suharto left as dictator, major political and social changes consumed Indonesia, which threatened the Indonesian realm. The people of Indonesia struggled to define their sense of nationalism.

The word “Indonesia” has two Greek words and meaning in it. “Indos” means Indian and Nesos mean “Islands”. According to the Embassy of Indonesia, the whole country is made up of 17,508 islands. However, like the islands scattered everywhere, Indonesia seems to have a “messy” government. The government of Indonesia has started after decolonization from the Dutch, which is called the “Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia” starting from 1945. The structure of the Indonesian government seems very similar to the one of U.S. It has an executive, judicial, and and legislative branch. Just like the US government, Indonesia has political representation, bureaucratic organization, judicial system, and law enforcement. However, following the reforms of the government, the Indonesian government is not stable and is apprehensive in taking the government forward.

“Since the economic crisis started in 1997, an increasing number of people in Indonesia are thrown into the harsh reality of joblessness. More than 40 million people are without a reliable income from employment in Indonesia today. Rates of criminality have increased, not least as a consequence of weakened state and police power since the fall of Soeharto'sauthoritarian regime in 1998.” (Kristiansen, 2003)

2015 marks the 50th anniversary of Singaporean independence in 1965. Then, Singapore was just another colony to break away from the dying embers of the British Empire, many of its people destitute and impoverished. Today, in only half a century, Singapore has become one of safest nations in the world, an Asian Tiger with a booming economy. This is due to the hard work and genius of the nation’s father and first Prime Minister, Lee Kuan Yew. Under his reforms, the economy flourished and the people were content. Although Lee’s government refused to relinquish control and were often aggressive, their smart legislation and benevolent rule was responsible for the growth of the nation. The key to Singapore’s development lay in the combination of

I will first briefly explain about John Dunlop’s Model. Secondly, how the model enhance effective relations. Thirdly, I will breakdown and briefly discuss on the roles of the players in Singapore, Fourthly, namely a few examples of their input. At the end of my report, I will also give an overall conclusion.

In Gusdur government, he formed a cabinet which was called the National Unity Cabinet. He gave freedom to the people to step up and provided the opportunity for minorities in Indonesia. However, because of this, people began to experience confusion and indecision. Yet the government never gave a clear statement on the issue.

Politics in this country haven been governed by The People’s Action Party (PAP) since 1959. Under the leadership of PAP, Singapore has a highly centralized structure characterized by an authoritarian and pragmatic political culture. The power in Singapore is gained trough skill, performance, and loyalty to the nation and its policies. The government in Singapore has established a dominant policy where the state has taken on the role of promoter and practitioner of Corporate Social Responsibility .