Similarities Between Communism And Communism

The most widely known totalitarian ideology of the 20th century was Marxism or Communism. Communism is a political and economic system of organization where the government owns and controls mostly everything including property, education and transportation.(Communism) Communism began in Russia with the rise of the Bolshevik Party led by Vladimir Lenin. Eventually, Lenin’s communist state became a one-party totalitarian government when

Governments were created as a way to oversee groups of people and to serve as a source of protection from threatening forces. However, all governments are not the same as there are various categories of administration. These include democracy, theocracy, communism, republic, dictatorship, monarchy, and fascism. The two types of government that will be discussed in this research paper are a republic and a communist style of governing. As these are two very opposite branches of ruling, the similarities between them will be few and far between. The differences will range from education, religion, and economics with extreme variations in each category.

The rulings of these two leaders had many similarities yet still had some differences. Their beliefs in running the country came to be very alike. Hitler and Mussolini both had negation of parliamentary and democratic political order, the use of violence and of physical strength, and the “revolutionary project” of a new society. Hitler and Mussolini feared any kind of strong and permanent power other than their own. This system of government where many institutions clashed with one another was extremely chaotic, and only the one leader could keep it working.

Communism is a system of social organisation which formerly consumed almost a third of countries in the entire world, having originated in Russia. The first official communist state was founded during the Russian revolutions in 1917, due to the inaugural communist political party ‘Bolsheviks’ gaining primal power. Afterwards, the influence of communism spread to other countries with the likes of Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia and East Germany to name a few. These countries that were governed on communist principles were known as the ‘Eastern Bloc’. Even countries in Asia were persuaded into the theoretically human equality system such as China, Laos and Vietnam. Communism was gathering strength to strength every year in the mid 20th century, but eventually its impact was wiped off in the late 20th century when the Berlin War was knocked down in 1989, ending the barrier between the Eastern and Western blocs. Communism arguably was the most influential social experiment in history, but also the most flawed and its failure to change the world permanently will always remain significant in history.

The difference between fascism and communism can be difficult to tell, other times it’s simple to tell. Fascism is a form of government in which the state has all the power. Fascism is an authoritarian and nationalistic right-wing system of government and social organization. Communism is a form of socialism, that abolishes private ownership of land. Communism is a member of the left wing system of government and organization. While communism and fascism may be slightly similar, they are different.

China and Russia are seen as two of the most powerful nations in the world. Their strong military, economy, and large amount of land and population. These two nations have many similarities and differences that effect their relationship and how other nations see them across the globe. One major trait they have in common in their governments political view, communism. Communism was seen as one of the biggest threats to the world once it swallowed China and Russia.

Communism is not some unverifiable, otherworldly entity, but “itself a Power” (218) already in Europe. The power of communism does not come from arbitrary political systems set up by the bourgeois, but from the natural power of labor and workers.

What is communism? Communism is a term used broadly to designate a ‘theory or system of social organization based on the holding of all property in common, actual ownership being ascribed to the community as a whole or to the state.’ It refers to the doctrine which underlines the revolutionary movement which aims to abolish capitalism and ultimately to establish a society in which all goods will be socially owned, all economic activates socially planned and controlled, and in which all distributions will be in accordance with the maxim. German author Emil Ludwig described the maxim as “for each according to his capacity, to each according to his need.”(1) It is to be distinguished from socialism which aims by constitutional and democratic

Social classes are always a societal struggle in one's nation, but a general rule is the higher you are in society the more control and power you possess. In the Nazi era, the Nazi party had the best houses, jobs preferential treatment so life was good. The ordinary life was good if you did not mind giving up some personal freedoms like free speech and censorship of literature, music, and other things. Hitler tried to unite people by creating a racially pure and classless society, and create a common enemy to blame for Germany’s downfall “In a state of ubiquitous anxiety, the once disjointed Germany unified under a government that provides comfort and security, a new state that would take control and help Germany become a rising hegemonic power. This newfound nationalism was built around a common enemy: the Jewish people” (Gostlaw 1) Hitler used the

Nazism can be considered a subset of fascism, in which the people are subordinated in the interest of the state and absolute obedience is required. Adding on to this basic foundation of fascism, Nazism perpetuated extreme nationalism and a racial hierarchy in which the Aryan race was at the top, building on rational antagonisms that had grown since the nineteenth century. As Hitler wrote in Mein Kampf, “That which today all sides have neglected in this area, the volkische state must make up for. It must place race at the center of everyday life. It must guarantee [racial] purity”. This underlying thread of racial politics is largely missing from the USSR’s communist party, which can be considered totalitarian and authoritarian in a similar way. Communism itself was an ideology based on the eradication of the class struggle, with Stalin’s interpretation focusing on rapid industrialization and state terror; yet the USSR lacked the racial undertones that has set Nazism apart from it and other ideologies--“the Soviets explicitly and loudly rejected the ideology of race [...] as opposed to the Nazi and other racial systems that ascribed fixed and eternal identities to population groups”. This opposition between the Nazi exaltation of the “Aryan” race above and against all others, and the Soviet development of a universal

Marx understanding of society shift into modernism lead to develop a form of communism that would come to be known as Marxism, communism is the economic thought of Marxism. Marx understands that Modernism calls for society to embrace equality for the betterment of society. Part of the problem with Capitalism comes from its exploitation of the working class; Marx understands this problem to be a vein of Pre-modernism and not a pillar of Modernism. Marx calls for the working class to rise up over their bourgeoisie oppressors and seize the equality that rightfully belongs to them. “Society as a whole is more and more splitting up into two great hostile camps, into two great classes directly facing each other – bourgeoisie and proletariat. (Communist pg. 9)” If society wants to embrace modernism, then society needs to shift its focus from fighting each other and one exploiting another to a classless society. Marx highly criticizes the bourgeoisie in The Communist Manifesto, and this stems from the problems they created for themselves and for the rest of society. In their attempt to gain more power, land, and resources, their material conditions, upon the prominence which their families had been formed, were dissipating due to the lack of foresight and selfish greed. If the Bourgeoisie continues to exploit the proletariat then society will head to conflict, as is expected of Pre-modernism, but if the Bourgeoisie cease its exploitation and relinquish its power for the group,

In the United States, people tend to believe that communism is always dystopian, and fear it. Although communism can be dystopian, it is not always, because the main ideology of communism is that every person is equal. The word “communism” is “derived from the Latin communis, meaning ‘shared’ or ‘common’” (Dagger, Ball). The meaning of the word itself shows that the idea of communism is not always malicious. The ideology of communism was originally created by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, in 1848. The reason the book was written was because the authors believed that the working class should control the government. They believed that in a truly communist society, there would be no “class divisions” (Dagger, Ball). Since communism involves

I’m sure you all are familiar with the concept of communism, and perhaps how it is the staple of Russia and the society that was the Soviet Union (which failed). However, the Communist Manifesto was composed by two German philosophers Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels published in London in the year of 1848. It essentially says that our lives should be governed by us, and that all property shall be publicly owned. All citizens of the nation must work and are paid according to their abilities and needs. It sounds enticing, sounds like it’ll work. That was the basis of their philosophy. But, a society in which there is an absolute power, in this case the working class, is the fault. It simply won’t work. It breeds absolute corruption. We’ve all probably heard that

Karl Marx is the most famous theoretician of communism. Johnson acknowledges Marx’s most famous quote: “From each according to his ability; to each according to his need” which is a thought that within itself includes the basic idea of communism. Professor Johnson explains that the deeper deliberation of the concept is that everyone is expected to co-operate in the process of production. The individual citizen’s equal rights of access to consumer goods though would be completely unaffected by his own individual contribution to production. (Johnson) It was expected of people to stop thinking about money and how much they get, how much they can spend and how to get more. Furthermore they had to stop thinking about profit, contracts, banking, loans, insurance etc. The communist leaders thought that would eliminate all the major social problems such as class conflict, political oppression, racial discrimination, inequality of sexes, religious prejudice, and cultural backwardness. They believed it would also put an end to more such “psychological” forms of suffering as isolation and feelings of powerlessness. Johnson claims that the specific type of communism that occurred in Easter Europe was the Marxist-Leninist variant of socialism where people believed that a truly communist society can be achieved only through the powerful overthrow of capitalism and the establishment of a “dictatorship of the proletariat”. They thought that

Marx argued that due to capitalism’s competitive nature, it would eventually die out and be replaced with a new form of government, communism. It is to Marx’s beliefs that change cannot simply occur through reforms or changes in government, rather a revolution in which the proletariat overthrow the bourgeois is necessary. Marx promoted the revolution, moving history towards its natural conclusion, through his ten proposals for a communist society. Among them include: a heavy progressive income tax, an exclusive monopoly of the banks under the state, transferring ownership of the modes of production to the state, a more equal distribution of the population over the country, and most importantly, the abolition of private property. Marx stated,” the theory of communists may be summed up in the single sentence: abolition of private property.” Marx acknowledged that this notion was radical and asserted that it is due in part to the liberal misconception that landowning is the fundamentals