Life is a circle of transition that we all must go through. We are born, we live, we learn, love, and we die. The coming of death is inevitable for us all. It is something that we must face as we grow older. Throughout the world people witness this last transition of life, and they all deal with it in different ways. There are some similarities when it comes to putting the deceased to rest, however, it is the last rites of passage that we give the dying that differs when it comes to different cultures. Every culture has their own rituals and beliefs in spirituality which plays a large role in the last rites of the dead, influence how they are treated in everyday life, and how they are buried. In this paper two different cultures will be compared side by side: American and Japanese. The American and Japanese rites to the passage of the dead differ significantly and will be discussed throughout the paper.
Part I Every culture has
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In Japan a person’s birthday is celebrated until their death. However, on their sixtieth birthday, they celebrate an event known as kanreki. The celebration of kanreki started in earlier times when a person was not expected to reach the age of sixty. In today’s modern world, sixty is the mandatory age of retirement. “Kanreki is the first of a series of auspicious birthdays acknowledged by Japanese culture all the way up to ones 111th birthday and they are widely recognized in Japan” (Tsuji, 2011, p.29). These celebrations take place in order to rejoice and reflect on the elder’s long life. Both life and death are celebrated with high honor in Japan and it is considered and insult for a person to be placed in a retirement or senior home as often happens in America. Instead, it is considered an honor instead of a burden to be the one who takes care of their parents and grandparents. For the Japanese, this is a matter of great pride in their
Improved quality of life, quick and easy access to health care along with medical advances help Japan’s aging population enjoy an increased life expectancy, so much so that the Japanese older population is outnumbering the younger
Thank you for giving me the privilege to serve as a Chief of police for West Mahanoy Township. It is with great regret that I send you this letter of resignation. I have accepted the position of patrol officer with the Borough of Shenandoah. For this reason I will not be able to fulfill the duties of a police officer for West Mahanoy Township.
Mankind’s history of burial practices and funeral customs are as old as civilization itself. There is no specific way to planning a funeral. Every civilization and culture has provided for their dead in different ways. Religion and personal beliefs play an important role in the burial practices and funeral customs of a given culture or civilization. Furthermore, each civilization and cultured ever studied have three things in common: some type of funeral rites, rituals, and ceremonies; A sacred place for the dead; and memorialization of the dead. As far back as the time of Christ, burials have been noted to take place. In time burial and funeral customs have become very distinct, interesting and
From the fighting styles of the Japanese and the way American culture differed from the Japanese culture, readers can infer that the two battling countries had many different beliefs and values. These beliefs and values were put on display even before the warriors were flying to Pearl Harbor and ruthlessly fighting battles on the islands in the Pacific. The Japanese were taught as young kids about the weak and inferior westerns, and the militarism of Imperial Japan was introduced into schools with the political views and military lessons implemented into schools teachings for kids and teens. After being taught of these weak westerners who were inferior to them, the males at the age of 17 were drafted to go fight the Americans or Chinese, or some even in Europe. John Bradley shows readers the brutality of the
In this paper, we will discuss the different death rituals performed in different cultures. We view death rituals from Native Americans, Africans, those of the Chinese decent, and endocannibalism from the Fore tribe of Papua New Guinea. Death is universal to all people in every culture. Responses to how one deals with death and dying differ greatly. Death rituals are usually based on beliefs. This can come from religion, history, language, and art.
It is deplorable how easily the American government faltered in its responsibility in upholding the rights of all American citizens, as well as how easily it was signed away. The United States influenced by the effects of racial prejudice and mass hysteria, which had been developing since the end of the First World War, lead to what were seen as reprimandable decisions in overruling the rights of Japanese-Americans. With the major influences of fear-mongering caused from a risen tensions of events in the East, beginning the Second World War in the Pacific, such as the Japanese invasion of Manchuria, and later, direct attacks in the United States at military base, Pearl Harbor in 1941, were all proponents into the development of an era of exceptions,
At some point in our lives, we all come to realize that death is a part of life. Cultural diversity provides a wide variety of lifestyles and traditions for each of the unique groups of people in our world. Within these different cultures, the rituals associated with death and burial can also be uniquely diverse. Many consider ritualistic traditions that differ from their own to be somewhat strange and often perceive them as unnatural. A prime example would be the burial rituals of the Native American people.
The stronger dollar has allowed to the lowering of production cost. Therefore, production in the mining industry has increased causing an excess supply. Meanwhile, demand has weakened and sales decreased in the international market.
America and Japan fought in the Pacific theater of World War two. The Pacific war started in 1941 and ended 1945, with Japan surrendering. The death toll for Japan’s military was roughly 2.2 million with between 550,000 – 800,000 civilians. As for America’s military, it was roughly 407,000 soldiers and 120,000 civilians. Cultural differences between America and Japan had an important influence on how the two sides fought the war.
When an individual dies, their death can greatly impact the loved ones they leave behind. Each mourner may feel and perceive the death differently from one another, but one common factor that can influence the mourner’s beliefs, values, and views about a person’s death is their culture. Their culture can regulate the way the mourner copes with the death of a loved one, what they do with the physical deceased body, and how they may honor the dead afterwards (Cartaret, 2011). For me, my culture is relatively related to the Catholic, Hispanic American culture, which is a broad and subjective category, but it is what I believe that guides my views towards life and death. I have additionally chosen to learn about the cultural practices of Hinduism of Indians on death
Every individual experiences the act of death, and most persons experience the death of someone they know of. Whether family, kin, or someone infamous, the living deal with the process of dying. Anthropology seeks to understand the universal process of death ritual and how different cultures deal with death differently. An anthropologist can extract social values of a given culture, past or present, from how death ceremony is practiced. Such values could be regarding political hierarchy or an individual’s status in a society, and about a culture’s spiritual or religious faith. By exploring death ceremony in ancient Egypt, contemporary Hindu death practice in India, and current North American funerary rites, it can be illustrated that
As Mahatma Gandhi said, “No culture can live, if it attempts to be exclusive” (Mahatma). Our culture identifies who we are and how we behave in social environments and provides us with a foundation in which to live our lives and raise our families. Each individual culture has certain customs and courtesies that are important. Exposure to the cultures of others can be intimidating and can leave a person feeling confused and unsure about how they fit in (Schaefer 60). Culture shock can leave a person feeling out of place in an unfamiliar culture (Schaefer 60). Our diverse societies demand understanding and acceptance of other cultures. Learning and understanding these cultures before being
The comparison between Japanese and North American educational systems is often used. The Japanese system, along with other Asian cultures, places importance on the group and the interdependence of its members (Cole & Cole, 2001, p. 541). The North American model, in contrast, focuses on the ideals of individuality and independence (Cole & Cole, 2001, p.541). This contrast is due to a conflicting cultural/social structure and outlook of the world. Japanese look at the development of self as doubled sided: the inner self and the social or public self (Hoffman, 2000, p.307). Within the Japanese education system, the teacher's goal is to develop and cultivate both layers.
Death is inevitable part of human experience, which is often associated with fear of unknown, separation, and spiritual connection. Death is an individual experience, which is based on unique perceptions and beliefs. Fear of death and dying seems to be a universal phenomenon, which is closely associated with apprehension and uneasiness. Death is allied with permanent loss, thus personal experiences of grief are similar in many different cultures. There are different mourning ceremonies, traditions, and behaviors to express grief, but the concept of permanent loss remains unchanged in cross cultural setting. With this paper I will identify cross-cultural perspectives on death and dying, and will analyze
The death penalty and capital punishment were brought to America from Britain when America was colonized. This paper will argue why the death penalty is an outdated punishment and that it needs to be banned in America. When analyzing certain key points as crime rates, costs to maintain death row inmates, wrongful convictions, and ethics it becomes evident that the death penalty should be ruled illegal in the United States.