Fundamentals of Modeling and Distributed Simulation
(COSC 5377.401)
Summer II
Simulation on monitoring Environmental Pollution
- Harini Ramasahayam
Introduction
Environment is the surrounding or the biosphere of the earth that consists of air, water and land in which humans, plants and animals live. Environmental pollution is defined as the presence of pollutants or impure substances in the environment that causes adverse effects and contaminate it. Environmental pollution is caused by human activities or by natural disasters. Some of the effects of environmental pollution are degradation of human health, global warming, ozone layer depletion, acid rain. This pollution causes imbalances in the environmental lifestyle and disturbs the ecosystem. Hence there is a need to monitor and control the growing environmental pollution with the help of simulation. Simulations are a special class of computer based mathematical models whose behavior is indicated by algorithms and equations, based on data and represented by some type of computer user interface. They develop the theoretical outputs based on varying input data.
A Multi-Scale Agent-based Distributed simulation Frame Distributed Simulation Framework for Groundwater Pollution Management Groundwater resources play an important role in human health and ecological perspectives but groundwater pollution continues to be a problem worldwide.
Since I live in the Texoma area the majority of our drinking water comes from Lake Texoma. I think the three sources of groundwater contamination that might affect groundwater in my area would be human-made materials that are littered into the lake, agricultural activities, and human/animal wastes. There are a lot of people in the area who like to go fishing near the lake and drinking alcoholic beverages. These people throw their beer cans and all of their trash into the lake. They also urinate and defecate into the lake as well. There are many nearby farms and ranches to the lake and with all of the flooding water has run-off from these areas back into the lake.
The simulation is a model with no right or wrong answers, and has rational expectations of both the person using the simulation and the person reading the analysis of the data from the analysis. This is in the category of macroeconomics because it deals with the “big picture” of the analysis’ expectations.
We hope our project does not encounter any delay. If it is the case, we will have to create a plan to solve that matter. We want to be ready for the upcoming Medical States University September class 2015, to integrate fully simulation education in the curriculum.
From my point of view, our world needs to use the groundwater for something useful for citizens in the world. However, a very beneficial way to use the groundwater would be allowing the citizens to pull up as much groundwater they desire to cook food, and for their hygiene. Without the proper hygiene, such as brushing your teeth, or showering can result in horrible health issues.
Simulation is a computer process that gives a probable NPV or IRR for a project. All factors that affect the project’s returns are input. The computer then randomly selects one observation from each category. All of the observations are combined and the NPV or IRR is calculated from those figures. Simulation gives a range of outcomes as well as the probability of the outcomes. It provides the total risk level of a project.
The issues inherent in the simulation are not textbook problems or questions in which answers are cut and dried and determined quickly.
A surge in the global population in the past century has brought about an immense strain on the commons. It is estimated that 35% of the global population suffers from “severe water stress” (Wada et al., 2010). Only 3% of the world’s supply of water is freshwater, with 68.7% being locked away in the glaciers, 30.1% in ground water, and 0.9% in surface water bodies (Shiklomanov, 1993). This makes groundwater the most abundant fresh water source readily available for human consumption. Estimates for global groundwater withdrawal are between 750 and 800 cubic kilometers per year (Konikow et al., 2005). Severe land subsidence and depletion of the groundwater table is occurring in both developing and developed nations. This has made
“The defining attributes of a concept are the characteristics shared with other instances of its use in the literature” (Failla, 2014, p. 576). Simulation occurs when there is experimental learning in a safe environment. Simulations should be accessible to all learners, have a team leader, where roles are clearly defined, closed-loop communication is established and maintained, the sole purpose for gaining educational knowledge, and a post performance evaluation tool utilized not only to identify areas needing improvement, but to praise good teamwork, performance and skill set. Closed-loop communication is essential, as team members confirm the team leader is being heard, tasks are communicated effectively and correctly, and team members confirm
Water is a critical source that is utilized by most living things on Earth to support it ways of live. The usage of water ranges from basic household needs to agricultural purposes. Water is one of the resources on the Earth that is becoming more and more scarce and the water available for usage is being further contaminated by pollution causing sickness and death.(World Health Organization).Countries are experiencing droughts affecting the water supply needed to maintain irrigation, thermoelectric power, and public supply. The definition of water pollution is the result of when too many toxic materials are present, in which negatively impact the water to be unsafe for its intended purpose, which may be drinking to industrial processes
Groundwater is water which is located beneath the surface in soil pore spaces and in permeable geological formations. Groundwater is a very important source of freshwater it makes up a large percent of the world’s accessible freshwater resources. Including, billions of urban and rural people depend on groundwater for their everyday needs. We depend on it for our own safety and the safely of certain groups which include the children, the elderly, and the poor who are more vulnerable to diseases. Waterborne illness is a public health issue in North American and around the world. In an article called Estimating Waterborne Disease Risks in the United States it states that, “That significant data and method-based uncertainties remain in the improved
Safeguarding groundwater is the main concern in Western Australia as groundwater provides 70% of Perth 's fresh water requirement(Appleyard et al., 2004)and it is used for domestic, agricultural, industrial and municipal purposes. Perth, the capital city of Western Australia is a rapidly developing and expanding city which is located over a shallow aquifer (Appleyard, 1993). Currently, Perth is encountering substantial water scarcity as a result of increasing population (i.e. 2.3% population growth rate) and effects of climate change and escalating groundwater demand. Therefore, the need for Perth’s groundwater system to be monitored and protected is of greater importance(Sarukkalige, 2011). Acording to recent investigations, elevated quantities of disseminated pollutants, as well as a remarkable number of restricted contamination plumes, were
To sum up, groundwater contamination can be related to waste disposal, land disposal of solid waste, and brine disposal from the petroleum industry. Over 50% of the United States population depends on ground water for drinking water. Water management needs to be in place to regulate what is going in water and where waste can be put to prevent contamination. Contamination of groundwater and population of surface water with waste are big problems affecting water supply. The problem associated with water pollution has the ability to disrupt life on our planet to a great
Recently, the issue of drinking water quality has become a matter of great importance. Hydrogeologists and water resource managers have realized that the increased demand for drinking water, due to population growth, has placed a huge burden on our nation's groundwater resources. Groundwater resources make up a minute 0.31% of the world's water supply. Groundwater quality can be defined in terms of the concentration of its chemical constituents relative to a variety of potential uses.
Interactions between groundwater and surface water are complex. Consequently, groundwater pollution, sometimes referred to as groundwater contamination, is not as easily classified as surface water pollution.[7] By its very nature, groundwater aquifers are susceptible to contamination from sources that may not directly affect surface water bodies, and the distinction of point vs. non-point source may be irrelevant. A spill or ongoing releases of chemical or radionuclide contaminants into soil (located away from a surface water body) may not create point source or non-point source pollution, but can contaminate the aquifer below, defined as a toxin plume. The movement of the plume, a plume front, can be part of a Hydrological transport model or Groundwater model. Analysis of groundwater contamination may focus on the soil characteristics and site geology, hydrogeology, hydrology, and the nature of the contaminants.
The initial article that I have chosen is an overview of the connection between human health and groundwater. Written by Stephen Foster and Gillian Tyson (2016), the key messages of this article are how many of us rely on groundwater, which makes us more susceptible to pollution, and the effects of pesticides and chemicals. Published by the International Association of Hydrogeologists, this article directly relates to two of the United Nation’s Sustainability Goals, which are Clean Water and Sanitation, and Good Health and Well-Being, as well as being indirectly related to many others.