Single System Design Paper

The single- subject design was used because the researcher paired the students to compare the students that received treatment in comparison to the students that did not receive treatment (Whitfield, 1999).

For numerous years, prison officials applied the same type of treatment for men and women. In the last decade with the increasing number of women incarcerated, research shows that women have different physical and emotional needs. For example, women are more attached to their children that they are leaving behind, and some have histories of physical and mental abuse. The creation of two programs, Key Crest and Forever Free were created to help with women specific issues. Recent studies done by National Institute of Justice studies found that participants in these two programs stayed drug and arrest free for over three years. Participants were tested and interviewed once a year for three years. The studies also showed that the programs provided aftercare and treatment in areas that were not addressed in previous years. Even though both varied in their approach, they both recognized the many ways there were to treat the needs of women and how they differ from men. The studies also show that gender specific programs do help inmates reenter into society.

Morris & Oosterhoff (2016) states that there is evidence that many internalizing disorders, such as emotional or behavioral disorders, are developed in the childhood or late childhood stages of development. They go on to say that the parenting styles used to raise a child and over control may be linked to a child developing an internalizing disorder. The parenting and over control will interfere with the developing a healthy process of self-efficacy and may “undermine children’s feelings” creating anxiety (Morris & Oosterhoff, 2016, p. 2).

Approximately 80% of incarcerated women are mothers (Mapson, 2013). On average, the adult female offender is between the ages of 25 and 29. Historically, incarcerated women live with their children prior to incarceration and are the sole financial support for those children. When a mother is incarcerated over 80% live with relatives (mostly maternal grandparents) and about 20% live in foster care. Due to mothers being placed far from populated centers, more than half of mothers will not see their children while they are imprisoned. Women rarely see their children due to the child being in foster care or with family members that do not have the financial resources to travel for visits.

Several of the programs that are offered for the children, and the parents mainly focus on sustaining communication between the child and the parent. The insufficiency of the connection between the parent and the child, can sometimes involve the distance required for the child to travel. At times the children are found in an underprivileged situation, and are unable to visit their parent, because they can’t afford the voyage to the prison (Simmons). Other programs emphasis career pathways as well as residence reinforcement for the parent after their release. Most incarcerated mothers subsequently are limited in their parenting abilities (Ross). Plenty of educational classes are offered for aiding the parents to get back on track with their parenting duties.These courses educate the mothers about the child growth, and their behavioral control. The parent education classes are not only beneficial for the mothers, but studies show that fathers also

A Single-system research design (SSRD) is an investigatory approach intended to help the social worker answer the questions of fundamental importance in order to better practice: “Have things changed?” and “Have things changed because of the intervention?” a single-system does not mean that SSRDs are limited to only study things that involve given individuals. It does mean that some single units of analysis is repeatedly measured over time. The unit of analysis in an SSRD can be an individual, a couple, a small group, a family, a community, or society as a whole.

The author used an ABAB design with the client. The ABAB design represents an effort to measure a baseline, a treatment measurement, the withdrawal of treatment, and the re-introduction of treatment. The author chose the design because it involves two parts including gathering of baseline information, the application of a treatment and measurement of the effects of the treatment; and of what happens when the treatment is removed and then again applying the treatment and measuring the change. With the amount of time allowed, the ABAB design worked best.

Some technical and political aspects of the program planning and evaluation I might encounter in the program scenario I chose, may be trying to reach out to those individuals that are or have been involved with the criminal justice system. Funding may not allow for these services to be provided to these individuals. Another aspect may be that the community is not aware of this program and the services that it provides. Grants could be another issue. If the program cannot show its effectiveness then grants may not be given and this could results in loss of services provided. A political aspect could be that one “favoritism” over evaluations. Some may use their political influence to “guide” the evaluation to present or not present the “selected” truth. (Yuen, 2003) There are many pressures from the individual who performs the evaluation to make it look; “good” This is a big political concern for programs.

With any human services organization it is necessary to produce results that can be measured, due to the fact that many are funded in part or wholly by public funding. “In effect, to express goals and objectives as services rather than outcomes makes it impossible to evaluate a program against its outcomes, rendering such a program essentially nonaccountable. If a social program cannot produce results that meet human needs, the welfare system must direct funding elsewhere” (Chambers &

Yuen and Terao state that: “The documentation of program intervention should provide both qualitative and quantitative descriptions of the interventions.” All recording procedures will comprise several essential and different data collection approaches. The first step would be to have the descriptions of the type of interventions recorded along with any intervention products like therapy strategies. Second, the intake and application forms will be used to gather any information about the project participants. PEACE’s staff needs to know the specific situations each participant has come from in order to decide the best way to approach the subject in therapy and creating a personal plan to better help them heal from their

This approach allows for a close relationship, which will foster trust, and will ensure that there is mutual understanding of the problem, and the best interventions in order to solve the problem (Henonin, 2010). This approach allows for the client to practice self-autonomy, by giving the client power over what interventions they believe will comprehensively solve the problem that is evident in their life (Henonin, 2010). Furthermore, the client and the social worker may have different understandings of the problem or circumstances that are taking place. Therefore, the first steps of the problem solving approach are crucial in fostering mutual understanding, in order to ensure that both the social worker and the client are on the same page before a proper intervention can be formulated (Henonin, 2010). Additionally, it is incredibly important that throughout the intervention, the social worker garners feedback, and performs “check-ups” with the client in order to ensure that the intervention is having a positive impact (Henonin, 2010). Performing routine check ups, ensures that interventions are working properly, and the client’s voice remains heard. Furthermore, routine check ups ensure that the social worker completely understands the problem at hand, and can be privy to any new information regarding the circumstances of the

program is successful and identify any changes in policy and program that needs to be

On the other hand, I think one of the way that I could say that the clients are “working a program” is the clients’ personal growth by making better decision in their lives, having clear boundaries especially with addicted person, and avoiding perfectionist. At least, those are the area that I have had the most struggle in my life and because of the same story, I think I could consider these changes in my clients as the measurement of how the program is working for them.

12. What programs do prisons have to deal with the parenting needs of female prisoners?

CPS Region 3 (Denton): Implementing a program based home for adolescent mothers in the child welfare system