Sino-Indian Relations

United States recognized India as key to strategic interests and has opted to build up a cordial relation with India. Both the countries have committed to political freedom which is protected by the empowering government. Both the governments have passed stringent laws to fight against terrorism and they aim at creating a stable Asia, where every citizen can lead a blissful and prosperous life.

India and China are two republics that have experienced very opposing political regimes throughout history. China has been fundamentally stable country with a lack of a distinct authority figure (Desai, 2003). Being a single party state China has been controlled by the Chinese Communist Party since the 5th National Congress held in 1927 (Wang, 2013). Correspondingly India, have always been a federal parliamentary democratic republic where the President of India elected is head of state and the Prime Minister elected is the head of government (U.S. Central Intelligence Agency, 2013). This

I. Managing Bilateral Economic Relations by Minimising Potential Friction and Maximising Mutual Self-Interest:China is all set to emerge as the largest trading partner of India. However, India's exports to China formed only 1.46 per cent of Chinese Imports. India is also

But of all these, it appears, that the most dominating pressures are related to politico-economic nature. In other words, the story revolves round a strong urge for political supremacy and economic dominance in the region. In such a state of affairs, one may find India playing a zigzag role in SAARC. It is because of India’s uncompromising posture that interstate relations have not been able to stand on sound footing necessary of evolution of South Asian cooperation.

All along the silk road, everything from ideas to religions were sought after and traded. The early religion of Buddhism was no different and eventually lead to the cultural realizations between China and India. As both countries expanded, the Gupta Empire and the Han dynasty were destined to meet at one point or another. The Gupta Empire, patrons of the art, produced powerful poets with skills compared to the later Shakespeare. The empire was known for its impressive mathematical skills and invention of the infamous Arabic numerals, developing the first place-values system. China’s imperial government was dependent on the idea of astronomy and important for the survival of the state. Thus astronomy was related to the idea of the Mandate of

Pakistan and India, the two rival states in the dense populated south Asian region engaged in sophisticated arm race just after in short time of their independence. Both of the nations in the shadow of two different ideologies have bitter relations and the outcome of bitter relation is always ended in the deadly arm conflicts. Pakistan and India the two infant states were born in the beginning of the cold war just after the end of World War II. Pakistan joined the western block against the Soviet State to ensure her existence in the survival race with its rival state India. India was economically well off state and had reliable resources and forces. Pakistan succeeded in acquiring the membership of SEATO and CENTO to meet its defense needs.

China shares the regional interest of stability, economic growth and end of insurgency in South Asia. Peace and stability in South Asia is as much a requirement for the region as for China. The region should thus engage with China to form a common view on the issues related to the Democracy, Military dominance and development. Countries of South Asia should also seek to bring India and China on multilateral commitments on peace and security to bring stability in the region.

1. The 1834 annexation of Ladakh made it possible for Indians and Chinese to acknowledge that there was a clear border between their countries. The British played an important role in this process as they influenced both communities to reach the conclusion that it was in their best interest to set clear borderlines in order to avoid experiencing conflicts in the future.

The name Kashmir has become synonymous with slaying, destruction and religious massacre in South Asia. Ever since the partition of India in 1947, when Britain dismantled its Indian empire, India and Pakistan have been archrivals. What makes this conflict interesting, conversely, is how much they hate one another. The hostility between these two has been rooted not only in religion and history, but is exemplified by the long-running battle over the control of Jammu and Kashmir. Which has recently intensified into a treacherous nuclear arms race.

Instead, India chose to fall into its traditional role of disciplinarian, behaving in such a way as to feed Pakistan’s already significant inferiority complex by getting Mr. Zardari’s regime to back into a corner with its ill-thought-out rhetoric and cumbersome actions. Once on the backfoot, Mr. Zardari was forced to react to, rather than engage with, New Delhi.

In regards to power relations in India, it is important to be familiar with various theories of power. These concepts are articulated in the scholarly works of Dumont, Gramsci and Sontheimer. In the text of 'Homo Hierachius: The Caste System and its implications ', Dumont uses the term encompassment to explain power; where as Gramsci’s 'Subaltern Culture ' theory is based on the concept of 'hegemony ' and 'subaltern culture '. On the other hand, Sontheimer looks at the aspects of 'Hinduism: The five Components and Their Interaction '.

Although India rejected all multilateral attempts which can increase the diplomatic power of the US-alliance in the region, India has established bilateral agreement with a large number of state actors in order to engage closer relationship. However, it is important to note that such emerging relationship is not an alliance, but a strategic partnership. Schaffer determines that India is currently aiming at a selective and strategic partnership which 'starting with common interests that both sides can pursue without too much strain and expanding, as both countries develop the habit of working together is more sensible' . Thus, some view India would play a crucial role in balancing China due to rising power rivalry and growing energy

Indian foreign policies reflect its agenda for equal distance with multipolar world representing worlds superpowers. Which has indebted India 's free global market and predictability of more economic development nowadays.

The genesis of the Kashmir issue is that in August 1947, when partition of the sub-continent took place, Lord Mountbatten, the viceroy of undivided India, influenced Radcliff into awarding the predominantly Muslim district of Gurdaspur, situated in the East Punjab, to India. By this treacherous act, admitted by Lord Mountbatten himself on nation wide British television, the cruel Viceroy not only subjected a Muslim majority area to the cursed Hindu domination, it also sowed the seed from which could crop up the domination of India on another predominantly Muslim State Kashmir, because it is only through a narrow strap in the Gurdaspur district that India was linked with Kashmir. The canker in no time cropped up into the “Kashmir Problem” that has ever since proved to be a serious threat to the security of the South Asian region.

Since Pakistan emerged on the map of the world sixty-seven years ago in 1947, its existence have been marked by many ups and downs that includes initial problems faced at its emergence, cold relations with India over border disputes and Kashmir Issue. Moreover wars fought with India in 1965 and 1971 which led to partition of East and West Pakistan. Administration was weak as Prime Ministers and Presidents were changing very frequently without any significant progress and policy makers were having hard time in making decisions. In this scenario our international relations also played a pivotal role in policy making. Pakistan location had an important role in determining its fate, as positioned next to India proved to be distressing for Pakistan due to their distrusting relationship. Secondly being a neighbor to Afghanistan led to problems later on when Pakistan was used by USA to fight USSR in Afghanistan which led to cold relations with USSR. However China was friendly towards Pakistan from beginning and their relationship became stronger by focusing on trade and investment. Pakistan became a member of United Nations on 30 Sept 1947 and became nuclear power in government of Z.A Bhutto when he encouraged people to make an atom bomb that saved Pakistan from an Indian or any external invasion throughout its years and due to this strong power we are still Independent and safe from