Sino-Indian Relations

United States recognized India as key to strategic interests and has opted to build up a cordial relation with India. Both the countries have committed to political freedom which is protected by the empowering government. Both the governments have passed stringent laws to fight against terrorism and they aim at creating a stable Asia, where every citizen can lead a blissful and prosperous life.

India and China are two republics that have experienced very opposing political regimes throughout history. China has been fundamentally stable country with a lack of a distinct authority figure (Desai, 2003). Being a single party state China has been controlled by the Chinese Communist Party since the 5th National Congress held in 1927 (Wang, 2013). Correspondingly India, have always been a federal parliamentary democratic republic where the President of India elected is head of state and the Prime Minister elected is the head of government (U.S. Central Intelligence Agency, 2013). This

The genesis of the Kashmir issue is that in August 1947, when partition of the sub-continent took place, Lord Mountbatten, the viceroy of undivided India, influenced Radcliff into awarding the predominantly Muslim district of Gurdaspur, situated in the East Punjab, to India. By this treacherous act, admitted by Lord Mountbatten himself on nation wide British television, the cruel Viceroy not only subjected a Muslim majority area to the cursed Hindu domination, it also sowed the seed from which could crop up the domination of India on another predominantly Muslim State Kashmir, because it is only through a narrow strap in the Gurdaspur district that India was linked with Kashmir. The canker in no time cropped up into the “Kashmir Problem” that has ever since proved to be a serious threat to the security of the South Asian region.

All along the silk road, everything from ideas to religions were sought after and traded. The early religion of Buddhism was no different and eventually lead to the cultural realizations between China and India. As both countries expanded, the Gupta Empire and the Han dynasty were destined to meet at one point or another. The Gupta Empire, patrons of the art, produced powerful poets with skills compared to the later Shakespeare. The empire was known for its impressive mathematical skills and invention of the infamous Arabic numerals, developing the first place-values system. China’s imperial government was dependent on the idea of astronomy and important for the survival of the state. Thus astronomy was related to the idea of the Mandate of

Pakistan and India, the two rival states in the dense populated south Asian region engaged in sophisticated arm race just after in short time of their independence. Both of the nations in the shadow of two different ideologies have bitter relations and the outcome of bitter relation is always ended in the deadly arm conflicts. Pakistan and India the two infant states were born in the beginning of the cold war just after the end of World War II. Pakistan joined the western block against the Soviet State to ensure her existence in the survival race with its rival state India. India was economically well off state and had reliable resources and forces. Pakistan succeeded in acquiring the membership of SEATO and CENTO to meet its defense needs.

On the other hand, India was not a unified state when the Indians greeted the British as trading partners. Rather, they

This diagram shows the increase over the space of 65 years, from 1950-2015, so it is showing the growth based on the trend that urbanisation has followed since 1950. In this graph England, USA, Mexico, Brazil and Japan are the MEDC’s. Egypt, Nigeria, China and India are the LEDC’s. As shown in figure 4 the LEDC’s tend to follow a steeper slope, this means they have been increasing rapidly. The MEDC’s aren’t increasing as quickly, they tend to follow a gradual increase. This is because when urbanisation first began, it started in MEDC’s because these places had the facilities and industry for people to be able to urbanise. As people began to make more money, they moved out of the city back into rural areas because they could afford the rural lifestyle. This is called counter urbanisation, it is shown in figure 4, London has had a decrease in their urban population ever since 1950 and it has kept slowly decreasing, and it is a good example of counter urbanisation. This is also another reason as to why urbanisation is increasing slowly in MEDC’s, people moving into LEDC’s are urbanising to get out of poverty in rural areas so it has increased faster in these areas. The growth in the USA has been very minimal over the past 45years as shown in figure 4. Japan hasn’t had any growth over the last 15years; this could mean the beginning of sub urbanisation in this MEDC. In figure 4 it is clearly shown that in the last 65 years urbanisation in Nigeria and India have at

China shares the regional interest of stability, economic growth and end of insurgency in South Asia. Peace and stability in South Asia is as much a requirement for the region as for China. The region should thus engage with China to form a common view on the issues related to the Democracy, Military dominance and development. Countries of South Asia should also seek to bring India and China on multilateral commitments on peace and security to bring stability in the region.

1. The 1834 annexation of Ladakh made it possible for Indians and Chinese to acknowledge that there was a clear border between their countries. The British played an important role in this process as they influenced both communities to reach the conclusion that it was in their best interest to set clear borderlines in order to avoid experiencing conflicts in the future.

In the 21st century, the rise of china has become the most remarkable event in the international relations. China is one of the fastest growing economy in the world. Many researchers used factionalism as a means to define Chinese foreign policy because of the conflict among the top leaders during the revolutionary period. Chinese foreign policy has become more pragmatic and sophisticated. By joining the World Trade Organization, the country increased its participation in the global economy (Hao, Y., & Hou, Y, 2009).My research topic is on the Chinese foreign policy towards North East Asian countries. This paper concentrates on the Chinese foreign relations with North East Asian countries like Japan, Korea, Taiwan and Russia (Zhao, Q, 1997)

The name Kashmir has become synonymous with slaying, destruction and religious massacre in South Asia. Ever since the partition of India in 1947, when Britain dismantled its Indian empire, India and Pakistan have been archrivals. What makes this conflict interesting, conversely, is how much they hate one another. The hostility between these two has been rooted not only in religion and history, but is exemplified by the long-running battle over the control of Jammu and Kashmir. Which has recently intensified into a treacherous nuclear arms race.

In regards to power relations in India, it is important to be familiar with various theories of power. These concepts are articulated in the scholarly works of Dumont, Gramsci and Sontheimer. In the text of 'Homo Hierachius: The Caste System and its implications ', Dumont uses the term encompassment to explain power; where as Gramsci’s 'Subaltern Culture ' theory is based on the concept of 'hegemony ' and 'subaltern culture '. On the other hand, Sontheimer looks at the aspects of 'Hinduism: The five Components and Their Interaction '.

I. Managing Bilateral Economic Relations by Minimising Potential Friction and Maximising Mutual Self-Interest:China is all set to emerge as the largest trading partner of India. However, India's exports to China formed only 1.46 per cent of Chinese Imports. India is also

Although India rejected all multilateral attempts which can increase the diplomatic power of the US-alliance in the region, India has established bilateral agreement with a large number of state actors in order to engage closer relationship. However, it is important to note that such emerging relationship is not an alliance, but a strategic partnership. Schaffer determines that India is currently aiming at a selective and strategic partnership which 'starting with common interests that both sides can pursue without too much strain and expanding, as both countries develop the habit of working together is more sensible' . Thus, some view India would play a crucial role in balancing China due to rising power rivalry and growing energy

But of all these, it appears, that the most dominating pressures are related to politico-economic nature. In other words, the story revolves round a strong urge for political supremacy and economic dominance in the region. In such a state of affairs, one may find India playing a zigzag role in SAARC. It is because of India’s uncompromising posture that interstate relations have not been able to stand on sound footing necessary of evolution of South Asian cooperation.