Ecocriticism is relatively new in the academic, literary field. As we become more aware of the detrimental impacts we have as a society on the environment, it makes sense to review popular literature of the past to find the beginnings of humanity’s anthropocentric mindset. By examining Sir Gawain and the Green Knight through an ecocritical lens, we may begin to find the initial pattern of man’s conflict with the natural world. Furthermore, if we can argue that these texts do prove that the idea of man’s dominion over nature is, in fact, antiquated, we may begin to move forward as a society to establish a symbiotic relationship with the differing bioregions which surround us.
The scholarship regarding the environment and man in Sir Gawain
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Michael Twomey in his essay “How Green Was the Green Knight?” examines this duality by claiming Bertilak’s position is as a steward to the cultivated forest environment that surrounds his castle Hautdesert. Because Bertilak hunts within the allowed hunting seasons, he is managing the forest in a way which promotes a sustainable biodiversity. Nevertheless, Twomey does mention that Bertilak’s aggressive hunting style is evidence of Bertilak’s anthropocentric point of view. George also discusses the possibility of Bertilak exuding dominance over the environment, but argues that when compared to Gawain, his dominance is a form of respect: “Bertilak, the natural world, although existing to serve humans, should be respected, although hunting is definitely an assertion of human dominance, it does not represent the martial confrontation characterized by Gawain’s experience” (George 39). One scholar, Helmut Nickel in his essay “Why Was the Green Knight Green?” argues that the color characterization of the Green Knight is actually a mistranslation of the Celtic glas; which also means grey, so the belief that the Green Knight is a representation of the dual nature’s may in fact be
The inconsistencies in Sir Gawain’s identity become blatantly clear when contextualized within the literary tradition that established Gawain as fundamentally chivalrous.
In Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, by an unknown author referred to as the “Pearl Poet,” we are introduced to Sir Gawain. Gawain is a knight of the Round Table and he is also the nephew of King Arthur. As a knight, Gawain is expected to possess and abide by many chivalrous facets. Throughout the poem he portrays many of the qualities a knight should possess, such as bravery, courtesy, and honor among others. Because of his ability to possess these virtues even when tempted to stray away from them, Sir Gawain is a true knight.
In the poem "Sir Gawain and the Green Knight," Gawain is a guest at Hautdesert Castle. During his stay at the castle, three separate hunts take place. These hunts also parallel temptations aimed at Gawain by the wife of the Lord of Hautdesert Castle. In each hunt scene, a characteristic of the prey of that hunt is personified in Gawain's defense against the advances of the King’s wife.
Thesis Statement: The hunting scenes in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight serve as parallels for the scenes of Lady Bertilak’s seduction of Sir Gawain and work to show Gawain’s character progression.
It is common to think that civilization has tamed nature when really we can never completely remove our natural instinct. My position is that the symbolism of the natural world in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight is representative of the internal conflict of chivalry and our natural instinct. Moreover, the assumption that our inherent sense of right and wrong completely dominates our animal instinct is misguided. To clarify this statement I will explain how mankind is integrated with nature in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, then elaborate the characters persistent attempt to control nature, and the reality we are submissive to nature.
In search of the Green Knight, Gawain travels through the wilderness and comes to recognize his true subordination to nature and not merely social constructs. It is amidst his battling of vicious beasts, cold rain, wild forests and more, where he begins to feel the mortality of mankind and the need to pray to a greater being that “Mary may be his guide” (738). This prayer and recognition of a larger force beyond him leads directly to the discovery of the Palace of Bertilak de Hautdesert.
In the poem "Sir Gawain and the Green Knight," Gawain is a guest at Hautdesert Castle. During his stay at the castle, three separate hunts take place. These hunts also parallel temptations aimed at Gawain by the wife of the Lord of Hautdesert Castle. In each hunt scene, a characteristic of the prey of that hunt is personified in Gawain's defense against the advances of the Lord's wife.
In the opening lines of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, the Gawain-poet predicates the numerous dualities—which lead the reader through questions of moral seriousness—that exist in the poem. The opening historical recounting, according to Richard Hamilton Green, reminds the reader that “the greatness of the past is marred by reminders of failure” (179). The paradox of triumph and greatness arising out of failure foreshadows Sir Gawain following the same pattern of fate as his predecessors. While the completion of Gawain’s quest reaffirms the historical paradox of greatness, his journey to renown is fraught with situations and symbols that develop the poem’s main concern of moral seriousness. The Gawain-poet skillfully reveals his
An archetypal analysis of Gawain’s quest reveals some significant changes that occur in the hero’s character. We will analyze the progress of the hero, Gawain, as he ventures out to complete his quest. By analyzing the works of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight along with The Hero With A Thousand Faces, and how it completes the Hero’s Journey.
Society expects ultimate perfection of all people. Due to this people are pressured to act a certain way that they would otherwise not act. The journey of obtaining perfection and maintaining it leads to success and failure. But what is considered failing while trying to become a different person? This topic is addressed in the poem, Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, written by Pearl Poet. The main character Sir Gawain finds himself on a journey that will test his knightly integrity and the true nature of his personality. Sir Gawain fails his quest when he responds to the challenge in an aggressive way; by doing so he shows his lack of concern for human life, he fails to uphold his agreement with Lord Bertilak, and succumbs to fear when the
Sir Gawain and the Green Knight is an Arthurian poem; an enchanting story of chivalry, romance and heroism. With its intricately woven details, parallels and symbols, the reader will often easily overlook these facets in a story of this caliber. Undoubtedly, the author would not have spent time on details that do not add to the meaning of the overall telling of the story. The three hunting scenes in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, and in parallel, the three temptations, monopolize a considerable portion of the story. In a comparison of the three hunts and their corresponding temptations, we will see how the poet parallels these circumstances to emphasize the meaning of its symbolism.
Sir Gawain and the Green Knight is one of the most intriguing Middle English chivalric romances known today. The poem is a delicately written balancing act between two cultures, clashing in a time of unease between the religion of tradition, (paganism) and the new religion, (Christianity). The poem is also one of the best known Arthurian tales, with its plot combining two types of folklore patterns, the beheading game and the exchange of winnings. The Green Knight is interpreted by many as a representation of the Green Man of folklore and by others as an allusion to Christ. The story is told in stanzas of alliterative verse, ending in a bob and wheel. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight is an important poem in the Middle English romance genre, because it involves all the typical plot progression of a hero who goes on a quest to prove himself. Yet what sets Sir Gawain apart from heroes of lore is his inability to finish his quest. The aspect which makes Sir Gawain and the Green Knight different is Sir Gawain’s failure. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight is a perfect example of the struggle between enduring Paganism and newfound Christianity.
“Sir Gawain and the Green Knight” is an excellent work to reference when examining different relationships within Arthurian legends. The author of “Sir Gawain and the Green Knight” is unknown, but he is sometimes referred to as the “Gawain Poet” or “Pearl Poet” because of his additional works: “Pearl,” “Purity,” and “Patience.” All four poems were part of the Alliterative Revival of the Middle Ages of Northern England, containing mostly religious content. This may be the origin of Gawain’s exaggeratedly religious portrayal in “Sir Gawain and the Green Knight.” “Sir Gawain and the Green Knight” is organized in a stanza arrangement. Each stanza ends with one short line and four longer lines, called the bob and wheel, which “knits” the story together. It may important to note that the work was most likely written in the fourteenth century. The work is set in sixth-seventh centuries, but includes modern advances in armory, dress, and décor from the time the poem was written. “Sir Gawain and the Green Knight” exhibits many different types of love and relationships in which they are demonstrated. Familial love, spiritual love, erotic love, and courtly love are demonstrated within families, friendships, marriages, and Godly relationships.
In the poem, Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, written by the anonymous Pearl Poet, Gawain is a guest of King Bertilak and is staying at his castle. During his stay, three separate hunts take place. These hunts parallel temptations aimed at Gawain by the Queen, Bertilak’s wife, in order to test his knightly virtues. In each hunt scene, the characteristics of the prey are paralleled with Gawain's actions against the temptations of the Queen. The scenes provide different but parallel viewpoints on a situation whose meaning can be understood only together. The significance of the animals at each stage of the hunt are symbolic; the hunting scenes act as metaphors for the temptations. Using characteristics of the animals as well as increasing the vivid details of how they were slaughtered, the narrative makes it aware that with each increasing hunt, Gawain failing his test and is slowly being “skinned” of his virtues.
Eco-criticism is a branch of literature that examines the connection between ecology and it’s relationship between the literary texts . By the words of Cheryll Glotfelty defines eco-criticism as ‘Simply defined, eco-criticism is the study of the relationship between literature and the physical environment.’ Eco-criticism is the term that examines the green studies in various literary texts. Eco-criticism examines a particular piece of literary work from an ecological perspective than the author’s point of view. Literature not only deals with human life but also it has a vast ground for nature and green studies. Eco-critical studies isn’t a cake walk, it must have a keen