Sjögren Syndrome Research Paper

• Blood tests or other screening tests to check for autoimmune diseases, such as thyroid disease or diabetes.

(Mikuls) Littler than 10 percent of individuals with lupus arthritis will acquire abnormalities of their hands and feet connected with subsiding of cartilage and bone. Some individuals with lupus acquire myositis, an inflammation of the skeletal muscles that causes faintness and loss of intensity. Lupus myositis often modifies the muscles of your neck,

Moving further into the physical assessment I’d inspect the integumentary system for indications of cyanosis, or pallor, I’d also not mucosa membranes, and nail beds including capillary refill. I’d auscultate all lung lobes for adventitious sounds, percuss to determine if there the appropriate resonance or an abnormal finding that would warrant further assessment. Palpating for crepitus, tactile fremitus, or tenderness also aid in identifying underlying lung complications. Noting if the patient has sputum production is also helpful in identifying the cause of dyspnea, it is important to inspect produced sputum and possibly collect for further lab testing (Ignatavicius & Workman,

Lupus can also have similarity of other autoimmune disease such as rheumatoid arthritis’s this also make it difficult to diagnosis. There is no specific test that can determine if a person has lupus usually it test serval test and many months to diagnose. Physician my use medical history, complete physical examine, blood test, and skin and kidney biopsy. One’s diagnose it will take a team of specialty physicians such as Rheumatologist, for the swelling joint Clinical immunologist to treat the immune system disorder, Nephrologist for the Kidney, Hematologist to treat the anemia, Dermatologist to treat the skin, Cardiologist for heart and blood vessel problem, Endocrinologist for the hormonal issue Neurologist to treat the nervous system problem, Psychologist and Social work. In addition, primary physician and the nurse to assist the patient with their care. These physicians will develop a treatment plan that will design to the patient specific

Williams was recently diagnosed with Sjogren’s syndrome, which is an autoimmune disease. An autoimmune disease

A doctor will examine you for the butterfly rash as mention earlier. They will examine you for swelling of joints and ulcers that may be inside your mouth or nose. Some doctor’s will listen to your heart and check for inflammation around the pericarditis or inflammation of the membranes covering the lungs. Also the doctor may also check neurologic and hematologic disorders. Doctor’s will look for a positive ANA test. Mainly Systemic Lupus Erythematosus is hard to detect without a malar rash.

Since SLE does have similar symptoms to other autoimmune diseases, it’s difficult for doctors to diagnose it. There are some symptoms only patients with SLE get, which include; an “oval shaped rash”formed on the face and a “butterfly shaped rash” (Thomas) appearing on the cheeks and nose.

The most common signs and symptoms of Sjögren’s syndrome were kerato-conjunctivitis sicca (xerophthalmia), dry nose, dry mouth (xerostomia) that can lead to a dry cough, multiple dental caries, difficulty swallowing and chewing, difficulty speaking, swollen salivary glands and white tongue combined with fatigue and severely reduced the quality of life. Furthermore, a patient with Sjogren’s syndrome can suffer from dry skin.5,6 diffuse pain and fibromyalgia are also present in five percent of primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS). 1, 2

Mavragani, C. P., & Moutsopoulos, H. M. (2013, September 18). Sjogren's Syndrome Annual Review of Pathology: Mechanisms of Disease. Retrieved from http://www.annualreviews.org.eznvcc.vccs.edu:2048/doi/full/10.1146/annurev-pathol-012513-104728

Systemic Lupus Erythematosis is an autoimmune disease where the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissue. To be diagnosed with this disease there are many test and labwork your physician will perform on you. These test used to diagnose SLE may include antibody test, including antinuclear antibody panel, complete blood count, chest X-ray, kidney biopsy, urinalysis, antithyroglobulin antibody, antithyroid microsomal antibody, complement components C3 and C4, coombs’ test-direct, cryoglobuline, ESR, kidney function blood tests, liver function blood tests, rheumatoid factor, and antiphospholipid antibodies.

Matured cells, known as thymus dependent cells (T-cells) and bone marrow derived cells (B-cells) play an enormous role in protecting the body from harmful agents and antigens (Blau). Normally, lymphocytes are supposed to ignore the body’s own antigens; however, other cells that communicate with lymphocytes single out the foreign cells that do not belong so that the lymphocytes can destroy them. The T-cells interact with antigens, and is commonly known to be the body’s line of defense against microorganisms. It also can sometimes be referred to as the helper or the suppressor (Blau). In a person with SLE, the number of T-cell production is reduced, causing damage to CD8+ T-cells and activating CD4+ helper T-cells in order to elevate the amount of B-cells being produced (La

Sjögren’s Syndrome is an autoimmune disease that affects the whole body. Symptoms of SS include extensive dryness, fatigue, chronic pain, dysfunction of organs such as kidneys, blood vessels, lungs, liver, etc, neuropathies, and lymphomas. SS can occur in the presence of another autoimmune disease such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, or scleroderma. Symptoms can vary from mild to debilitating, and SS can remain steady, worsen, or, although rare, can go into remission. Today, at least four million people are living with this disease in the United States.

Do you feel fatigued even after you get a full night of sleep? Do you have achy muscles and joints, brain fog, inability to concentrate, or insomnia? Do you get rashes, eczema, hives, or skin irritation? Do you have an inability to tolerate cold or heat? Do you get diarrhea, bloating, constipation, or stomach pain? If you answered “yes” to several of these, there’s a good chance you have an autoimmune condition. Many people suffer for years with a vague set of symptoms that look like many other conditions but can’t be clearly defined or put in a box. Today we know this previous gray area actually defines the symptoms that precede or are involved in the process of autoimmunity.

Depending on your situation, your physician may perform one or more of the following tests.

Face: I would ask the patient to smile, raise the eye brow and feel around the orbital bone to make sure it is intact, and feel on the frontal sinuses and maxillary sinus to make sure that the facial nerves are working well