Sjogren's Syndrome Essay

1. Swelling of lips and dysphasia with questionable early Stevens-Johnson syndrome. 2. Rheumatoid arthritis class 3, stage 4.

If one has or has had at least four of the preceding conditions, there is a strong chance that they may have lupus. Common symptoms of lupus as described by the Lupus.org website also include edema in the legs, feet, hands, and around the eyes, hair loss, abnormal blood clotting, Raynaud’s phenomenon, and painful or swollen joints. In a 2002 article from the journal Rheumatology about the long term complications of SLE, it is stated that although the

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It һаѕ ɡοt tο bе admitted һοwеνеr tһіѕ conditions ԁο חοt last fοr a very long time аחԁ usually vanishes аbουt a few days аftеr tһе completion οf tһе procedure.Tһе treatment сουƖԁ аƖѕο mаkе уουr teeth overtly delicate. Tһіѕ usually οחƖу last fοr a brief period οf time, bυt саח persist fοr longer іח extreme cases аחԁ fοr people afflicted wіtһ undeclared οr unknown allergies.Eating food аחԁ drinking liquids tһаt саח increase οr heighten tһе sensitiveness. Very сοƖԁ juices οr drinks һаνе reportedly mаԁе tһе teeth feel fυחחу аחԁ affect tһе taste

Autoimmune diseases are a growing concern in the American population. An estimated 10 million Americans suffer from autoimmune diseases with 75% of these cases being of women. Furthermore, autoimmune diseases have grown to be within the top 10 causes of death among American women. The incidences of these diseases have been shown to increase with financial wealth, industrial development, and the modern progression of life. As such, the occurrence of these conditions is expected to grow as time passes. With such a notable modern influence, it is shocking that these diseases were not considered of clinical relevance until the 1950s. The investigation of the mechanisms of the propagation of these diseases have been of immense scientific relevance ever since. The complicated immunological background behind infection and treatment of autoimmune diseases while interesting from a scientists perspective, means that from the perspective of treatment there is a long arduous path until new, efficient treatments will show an appreciable decrease in the occurrence of these diseases within American population.

At later stages of an autoimmune disease such as SLE, autoreactive lymphocytes may begin to target self antigens. An autoreactive helper T cell specific to only one antigen, may then activate DNA-specific B cells that produce autoantibodies with more than one different specificities. As more antigen is released and more antigen-presenting cells become involved, secondary targets become more prevalent. Thus, a B cell activated by a singularly specific T cell may become activated by different parts of the hitsone-nucleosome complex

Steele, P. (2016) Clinical Immunology Module 3. Lecture 1: Hypersensitivity. (PowerPoint slides: Narration) Retrieved from University of Cincinnati Immunology Blackboard: https://canopy.uc.edu/bbcswebdav/courses/2168-F_35MLSC3053001/16US_MLSC3053001_ImportedContent_20160413040126/Handouts/Mod3_Lecture1_Hypersensitivity.pdf.

Currently there are no treatments for cure of SLE. The only treatments available are treatments to suppress the progression on the disease, treatments to address complications cause by SLE, and treatments to relieve patients from the discomfort. There is no known etiology for SLE; therefore, there are no prevention methods for SLE. The recent improvement of the understanding of autoimmune diseases; in general, has helped improve prognosis. Faster and more precise diagnosis, leading to earlier treatment in suppressing the progression of the disease is allowing more patients to live a normal life span. Also, the 2011 FDA approval of the biologic drug called Belimumab has contributed to the improvement of prognosis. More research directed towards the understanding autoimmune disorder is needed. Unfortunately, the current knowledge is not enough to provide adequate and timely diagnosis. Due to the tight commonality among autoimmune diseases, a thorough understanding of the immune system is required to develop more effective treatments and a cure for systemic lupus

Monoclonal mouse anti-human CD68 labels human monocytes and macrophages. CD68 molecule was present on patient intrafollicular tonsil macrophages, distinguished by the brown colour.

This time the patient history taken was more in depth. Upon completion it was determined that the patient had been adopted as a child and her adopted family had no history of illness aside from common colds or childhood chickenpox. Patient did mention reoccurring infections of mononucleosis as a teenager. Another battery of tests were ordered to include a Monospot test, Lyme disease panel, ANA, and a CSF as the headache was still present. The Monospot test and Lyme Antibodies were negative. The ANA was negative for Lupus and Sjogrens syndrome. CSF chemistry results showed an increase in protein levels. The cell count was slightly elevated as well. The CSF and a serum sample were sent for reference testing to test for Multiple Sclerosis. The results showed an increase in IgG antibodies and oligoclonal bands in the

Mavragani, C. P., & Moutsopoulos, H. M. (2013, September 18). Sjogren's Syndrome Annual Review of Pathology: Mechanisms of Disease. Retrieved from http://www.annualreviews.org.eznvcc.vccs.edu:2048/doi/full/10.1146/annurev-pathol-012513-104728

Relapsing polychondritis is thought to be a rare auto immune disease. While reading articles and research I found that those with relapsing polychondritis had antibodies against type II collagen and in increase in HLA-DR4 antigen which gives insight to the etiology of the disease. An abundance of research is done by case studies and mouse/rat models. A patient has increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C reactive protein as well as leukocyctosis, thrombocytosis, chronic anemia, and high levels of alpha and gamma globulins. CD4 T cells are at the site of inflammation which indicate cartilage as the target. They also have low levels of antinuclear antibody and antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies. The disease’s severity can vary

Both scleroderma and lupus are autoimmune diseases, that means it’s a disordered of the immune systems, its where the immune system attacks body organs and body tissue. The web site Medicine.Net, also writes that the, “The immune system is a complex organization within the body that is designed normally to "seek and destroy" invaders of the body, including infectious agents. Patients with autoimmune diseases frequently have unusual antibodies circulating in their blood that target their own body tissues.” There are many different types autoimmune diseases, they are lupus, Sjogren syndrome, Hashimoto thyroiditis, rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile (type 1) diabetes, polymyositis, scleroderma, Addison disease, vitiligo, pernicious anemia, glomerulonephritis,

However, B cells can contribute to the SLE pathogenesis through additional pathways; B cells of patients with SLE have been shown to present auto-antigens to T cells and further amplify T-cell activation, regulate and organize inflammatory responses through cytokine and chemokine secretion (such as IL- 10, IL-6, interferon-γ, and lymphotoxin-α), and regulating other immune cells (Ahmadpoor et al et al.,

The detection of autoantibodies against intracellular targets called antinuclear antibodies (ANA) is important in the diagnosis of systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (SARD) such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), Sjögren's syndrome (SjS), mixed connective tissue diseases (MCTD), systemic sclerosis (SSc) and idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM). Testing for ANA is therefore a logical first step in the differential evaluation of patients when systemic autoimmune etiology is suspected. Timely diagnosis of SARD is challenging due to the wide spectrum of overlapping symptoms. Furthermore, while the frequency of ANA is highest in patients with SARD, these antibodies are also found in