Skin Injury Hypothesis

Evidence shows that 1.6 million years ago, a skeleton belonging to the “homo ergaster” species, walked long distances. This specific species faced problem of protecting their heads and brain in the sunlight. Being in the sunlight especially if these species endured extreme sunlight, they developed increased sweat glands on their bodies and eventually led to the reduction of all hair on their heads. This is a challenge for them because they did not have the protection from the sunlight and especially the UV rays.

The source of racism and white supremacy is fear of genetic annihilation. Their existence is a result of genetic mutation and environmental adaptation according to scholars and scientist of various fields. Albinism is a genetic imperfection that prohibits the production of melanin, the genetic content that gives color to eyes, skin and hair. Legendary scholar, author and psychiatrist, Dr. Frances Cress Welsing argues that African albinos, rejected by their parents, alienated from their communities and sensitive to the African sun, were forced to migrate northward to Europe. This as a consequence resulted in inbreeding amongst the exiles led to the birth of the White or European race. Racism and white supremacy functions both on a microcosmic and macrocosmic level. Similar to a massive bureaucracy, white dominion is wielded by a web of wealthy, influential and powerful individuals and institutions conjoined together through the common objective of subjugating the world’s people of color, especially Blacks, in order to ensure white genetic survival. As a collective race, Europeans are a numerical and statistical overwhelming minority in the world, contributing to less than ten percent of the worlds population. This fear of white genetic annihilation is also responsible for genocidal campaigns against people of color, Blacks in particular, because we hold the dominant genetic material to eradicate their recessive genes if race mixing ensued. In closing the problem of the 20th

At a polar latitude, the inhabitants would be lightly pigmented. Their folates would be high. In a tropical area, the inhabitants would most likely be darkly pigmented. They would have low folate levels.

They have less hair on the face and body. They secrete less by the kidnies, and more by the glands of the skin, which gives them a very strong and disagreeable odour. This greater degree of transpiration renders them more tolerant of heat, and less so of cold, than the whites… They seem to require less sleep. A black, after hard labour through the day, will be induced by the slightest amusements to sit up till midnight, or later, though knowing he must be out with the first dawn of the morning (Heath 1036)

This essay discusses how 19th century racial science can be described as not being scientific, but as being racist. Scientific racism is the act of justifying racism through science by using empirical evidence, “science has often been used as a justification to propose, project and enact racist social policies” The idea of scientific racism began to emerge during the ‘Enlightenment’ era, and although not used today, it could be considered as significant in leading to other Historical events such as the Holocaust. I will be discussing how racial science should be considered as being racist, as it evidently aimed to further strengthen the ‘white’ position in society, by demeaning other races through scientific methods.I will do this by exploring different sources which outline the work of physicians, scientists and naturalists who were adamant in making it clear the caucasian race should be seen as being the ‘superior’ one. 19th century racial science can be described as being racist.

Tilley explains the “race question” associated with in British Africa. “... science has told us that the five Races, white, black, brown, yellow, and red, differ only in the color of their

The notion of “white people” has made a lasting impression in history both by their greatest achievements but also their long history with slavery. So much so, that many believe that there is everything to know about white people and giving them more attention than needed be was ethnocentric. In reality the idea and history of white people is very much unexplored. For a “race” that predominately have made breakthroughs in the sciences, it is relatively unknown of their past. Understanding the origins of this “race” would help immensely into why white people came to the understanding and acceptance that they were the superior race.

Humans have developed significantly throughout the years by adapting certain behavior or unique features. One of the most distinctive evolutionary changes as man separated from their tree dwelling ancestors was their loss of body hair. The reduction of body hair continues to be a major difference between humans and other primates. Hair is a type of body covering that is unique to all mammals. It provides protection against many things including harmful parasites and damaging UV rays. All mammals possess at least some hair, therefore it is a defining characteristic of the class. Scientists have been continuously developing ideas and hypotheses on why this evolutionary change occurred. In an effort to explain this evolutionary change, scientists

Ancient DNA has been used to show aspects of Neanderthal appearance. A fragment of the gene for the melanocortin 1 receptor was sequenced using DNA from two Neanderthal specimens from Spain and Italy: El Sidrón 1252 and Monte Lessini. Neanderthals had a mutation in this receptor gene which changed an amino acid, making the resulting protein less efficient and likely creating a phenotype of red hair and pale skin. Modern humans display similar mutations of MCR1, and people who have two copies of this mutation have red hair and pale skin. However, no modern human has the exact mutation that Neanderthals had, which means that both Neanderthals and humans evolved this phenotype independent of each other.

The results of the subject showed that the beta-carotene helped increased skin pigmentation. The results were similar to those that people get with

Nina Jablonski is a American anthropologist from Penn State, and one who is known for her knowledge on the skin color of humans and the diversity among them. In her Ted Talk video she talks from the perspective of Charles Darwin and all the work he did and that of which he lacked the subject of skin diversity. In the video she tells how Charles Darwin, a man who was born into a very privileged situation and in most of his work, he explained how there was a coalition between the distance of living from the equator and the pigmentation of one's skin and not by one's climate. However when it comes to the fact of where there is an exposure of ultraviolet radiation and the amount of (UVA,UVB and UVC) one receives. In the northern part of Africa

In 2012, approximately seventy thousand people were diagnosed with melanoma, forty thousand were men and thirty thousand were women. Around ten thousand people died during that year, twice as many males than females. Furthermore, squamous and basal cell cancers are related and were the reason for more than two thousands deaths as well as affecting more than seventy five percent of the population diagnosed with the disease. Public data and reports showed that incidence as well as death rates were divided by race/ethnicity. Scientifically, research has shown that minority dark skinned populations (blacks, hispanics, AI, etc) are less affected by UV radiations as they have more melanin in their skin which is a pigment that gives human skin, hair and eyes their color basically. Anyway, along the past decade, numbers have shown that all over the U.S, whites are more diagnosed and have a higher mortality rate than all races/ethnicities combined. Those are just genetic facts that have to be taken into

Answer: It is found that the skin color is quite variable all over the world. The skin color is due to the presence of skin pigment known as melanin. It is present on the epidermis and produced by the specialized cells melanocytes. These cells have a photosensitive detector and are able to detect the ultraviolet radiations from the sun and other sources. In response to these radiations, they produce melanin. So we can say that the melanin acts as a natural sunscreen and it protects the tropical peoples from harmful effects of the ultraviolet radiations. The UV rays in limited quantity or the exposure of limited UV rays is essential for good healthy bone as it helps vitamin D to absorb calcium and make bone strong but excessive exposure may

This idea was first presented by Ford (1940) , who hypothesised that melanism might arise in a population as a result of a mutation and, in polluted areas, was adaptive. As such, individuals with melanism gained a selective, cryptic advantage and so, through natural selection, melanics rapidly spread throughout the population, and typical forms declined.

Melanin determines the color of our skin, eyes, and hair. Dark-skinned individuals, for example, have higher levels of melanin in the skin than their counterparts with light skin. Melanin also helps to protect the skin against sun damage.