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Skinner Negative Reinforcement

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1. Positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, punishment I and punishment II are all apart of Skinner’s theory of Operant Conditioning, which is the control of a human being’s intentional responses, and then stresses on a person’s actions. Positive Reinforcement is giving a person something they want after a certain behavior that is preferred. For example, Sally can never keep her room clean during the week; her parents have told her that if she keeps her room clean during the week, then her friends can come stay the night on the weekends. In this situation the behavior is encouraged by the direct reward. The stimulus is her friends getting to stay the night on the weekend and the behavior that is increased is keeping her room clean during …show more content…

For example, Timmy’s parents are having a hard time getting him to stay in bed at night; they tell him that if he stays in his bed all night then he does not have to make his bed in the morning. The stimulus removed was the bed being made, and the behavior that is increased is staying in his bed all night. Punishment I is when you add a punishment that the person does not like, to decrease a specific behavior. For example, when a student writes on a bathroom stall during school, the principle makes the student go into I.S.S. (in school suspension) alone. The I.S.S is the punishment, and the response that is being reduced is the child writing on the bathroom stall. Punishment II is when something is removed that the individual enjoys, in order to get the desired behavior. For example, if a child writes on the bathrooms stall, they may not be allowed to play in basketball games for a month. Not getting to play basketball is the punishment and the response that is being reduced is writing on the …show more content…

Ivan Pavlov was a theorist of classical conditioning (behaviorism). He believed that behavior can be learned. His experiment involved dogs who usually salivated at seeing food, and then by the end of the experiment the dogs learned to salivate at the sound of a bell. Pavlov’s experiment reinforced the reoccurring of one occasion in the expectancy of another. This experiment and conclusion happens through a preconditioned phase (how the person or animal acts initially), the condition phase (how the person or animal acts to the neutral stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus), and the post conditioned phase (how the person or animal acts to the conditioned stimulus).
3. Julian Rotter was a theorist of social learning theory. He suggested that a person’s personality correspond to the happening of that person’s environment. He has four components in this theory and they are; behavior potential, expectancy, reinforcement value, and psychological situation. All of these components have to do with a person’s certain response, past experiences, the various outcomes, and what conclusion the come to about the situation.
4. Counter-conditioning is the process of taking a certain response to a stimulus and reconditioning that response, with that stimulus. In this example, in order to do counter conditioning the teacher would need to remove the uncomfortable stimulus associated with her raising her hand and implement a comfortable

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