\section{Data Series and Methodology}
\subsection{Data}
In our analysis we use the Survey of Labor and Income Dynamics (SLID), a longitudinal data set from 1993-2011. SLID is a household survey, which provides long-range longitudinal follow-up on Canadian families and individuals' demographic background, income, education level, labor market activities and financial situation. SLID interviews the same people for six consecutive years. The SLID survey is composed of seven panels and a new panel is introduced in every three years. So except for the first panel from 1993-1995, all the remaining panels are overlapped for three years and panel-7, which is the last panel of the survey contains just one year (2011). Each panel includes about 15,000
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In our study, five-year frequency of mobility is a representation of estimation of provincial mobility based on census data. Compare to five-year frequency, one-year frequency of mobility provides more accurate information because the mover can move anytime within these five years. In one-year frequency we can identify the exact timing of the move and less ambiguity regarding the possible several moves within five years of …show more content…
Equation \ref{wageeachedu} for each education group and equation \ref{wageeachage} for each age group, which are as follows:
\begin{equation}\label{wageeachedu} wage_{itp}= \beta_0+ \beta_1 mov_{itp}+ \beta_2 age_i + X_i +\delta_p+ \delta_t+ \epsilon_{itp}
\end{equation}
The coefficient $\beta_1$ measures the earnings difference between movers vs stayers for each education and age groups in the same locality.
\begin{equation}\label{wageeachage} wage_{itp}= \beta_0+ \beta_1 mov_{itp}+ \beta_2 educ_i +X_i + \delta_p+ \delta_t+ \epsilon_{itp}
\end{equation}
In this paper, we also analyze movers wage pattern after considering three years before and after the provincial move. SLID provides us information about the hourly wage of an individual for six consecutive years. To observe the wage pattern we consider individuals who have provincial move only in the year 4th year of any panel. So we have the opportunity to capture the wage three years before provincial move and three years after provincial move (inclusive the 4th year of the panel) of an individual. For estimating the three years lag and lead wage pattern we use equation \ref{wageall} for all sample and \ref{wageeachedu} and \ref{wageeachage} for each education and age group respectively. For each equation we assign the dependent variable (wage) based on three years lag $(t-3)$ to three years
The Suburban Select segment comprises of Canadian parents between 35 to 49 years of age with university level education or postgraduate degrees; the life cycle is considered to be middle-aged achievers. This segment consists of Canada’s up-and-coming business class families; an affluent suburban family with dual-income couples (Household income $75M+) typically living with at least one child aged 12 to 17 years (Household size 3+). Given the segments’ high percentage of professionals, senior managers, and business owners there
How much power does a poor white woman have back in the 1900s have? A white lady named Mayella accused a black man, Tom Robinson, for rape. The two ended up going to trial. She ended up winning the case and sent the black man to jail. She might have won the case, but how much power does she really have?
In a recent interview in the Ottawa Citizen, Justin Trudeau spoke on his decision to increase taxation on the wealthy upper class in order to redistribute money to the middle and lower class. This is in response to the issue of stalled median household income where Canada’s GDP has doubled yet household income has only increased by 15% (Kennedy 2015). This hints at income inequality in Canada, as it sheds light at the struggle of middle class families to provide for their families. Parents are having to choose between their retirements or providing education for their child (Kennedy 2015). To Justin Trudeau, this means that “something isn’t working anymore” (Kennedy 2015). Most likely, he senses that the way money is earned and distributed in Canada is highly unbalanced, leading to a income gap between the rich and the poor. Trudeau’s solution to middle class worries is to increases taxation on upper class
We first study the impact of age on the return migration decision. Our model suggests that those with greater stocks of location-specific capital in New Orleans would be more likely to return. We would also expect that location-specific capital increases with age. Indeed, Groen and Polivka, based on data from the Current Population Survey, find that the probability of returning increases with age. Moreover, they find that older adults were more likely than younger adults to return to both high-damage and low-damage areas. Thus, even though a proportion of the location-specific capital stock was destroyed, because location-specific capital accumulates over time, older individuals had a greater incentive to return because of their relatively larger stocks of location-specific capital.
The reason for Canada’s large gap in wealth is best explained by changes in labour markets, changes in families and changes in public policies
In the spectrum of OECD (Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development) countries, Canada has higher poverty rates and inequality of incomes than most. From 1994 until 2008 Canada has shown steady economic growth, yet the increase in wellbeing of Canadians was not strong enough in comparison. 1 After the 2008 recession, the gap between the Canadians at the top and the ones at the bottom of the pay scale continue to grow, resulting in the decreased wellbeing of those on both extremes of the socioeconomic ladder, often seen in unbalanced societies. With the living wage in Toronto being about $18.52 an hour between two working parents with two children in 20152 about 3.3 million workers earning less than $20,000 in Ontario as
Even though Canada sits in the middle of the scale, while considering inequality, it stays behind countries like Denmark, Norway and Sweden. In wake of the globalization, public austerity programs, middle class incomes are getting lower and fiscal challenges at all government levels are threatening education, pensions, and public health care. It is more difficult how for 20 and 30 years old people to get a better life than their parents had. In Canada, middle class is vanishing and a big gap is between poor and rich. The wealth is in the hands of 1% going after US strand and disparity between C.E.Os. and workers is so evident. In 2012, the ratio was 1:122 while a decade earlier
Another way that the Canadian government can address income inequality as a social determinant of health is to increase equity for education. Post-secondary education is critical in determining an individual’s career success; a higher level of education results in higher earnings, which in turn result in better health. In Canada, provincial governments play a decisive role in student enrolment and the government should invest in early childhood education as a long-term educational benefit. Not only does education impact income on an individual level, but people with low educational attainment also limit an economy’s capacity to produce and grow. Therefore, increasing equity in education will help to decrease the problem of income inequality.
Inequality in Canada is not as prominent as many other places around the world, although it does remain in certain segments of Canada. There are many forms of inequality in Canada and internationally, although this papers main focus is going to be the inequality of wealth. According to Steven Kerstetter “Canadians may view their country as a land of opportunity, but it is also a land of deep and abiding inequality in the distribution of personal wealth” (Kerstetter 2002). The “gaps between the rich and poor remain evident in Canadian statistics” (Kerstetter 2002), Canadians have always kept financial security as an essential element of life and have tried to obtain and sustain it within their lives. Frank Cunningham’s article, “What’s
measure after tax) which calculates tax from filler data, is Canada’s official poverty line and should be used as a reliable measure for child poverty in Canada. The second article, titled CO2.2 Child Poverty computes the possibility of children living in poverty via two methods. The first is through the child income poverty rate, which examines children from birth up until the age of 17. This method uses the proportion of the children and compares the equvialised post-tax-and-transfer income approximately fifty percent of the annual median. The second method uses rates of poverty in families that have children as well as working and non-working parents. The type of household studied here can be a single adult with minimum one child and two adults with minimum one child. The second method seems to be more beneficial in looking at child poverty as it analyzes and goes into more depth of a household and the types of families involved
Furthermore the high income inequality is not the only issue Canadian families are facing, with enormous cutbacks from the government, Canadians are facing a lot more precarious times. The government has been reducing the economic security and access to public and social services has also been undermined many of the statutory benefits people use to enjoy in the past. Part of this problem with has to do with the employers and media idea of “flexibility”. Employers and the media often claim that the "flexibility" provided by precarious employment offers workers improved work-family balance and other lifestyle benefits. The reality, however, is that 1/3 of adult women who work part-time said they would prefer to work full-time, and this proportion
Poverty is a worldwide crisis affecting not only developing countries but, well developed countries like Canada. Although in Canada poverty is not an prevalent issue it affects families and their life style. The after tax income in 2000 was $45,800, 13 years later the after tax income has raised to $53,000 (Statistic Canada 2015). The raising income has helped diminish poverty present in Canada helping families live a healthy, happy life. With the raising income the poor are being benefited. The lowest income earned has increased by 14.6% rising from $15,100 to $17,300 (Statistic Canada 2015). The highest decile increased by 24.6% to an income of 130,600 (Statistic Canada 2015). The after tax income is rising but, the wealthy are becoming more
The first chart displayed shows that for the past few decades, family incomes decline a third of American children. The years of 1975-2011, the chart shows the changes in family income of children by income percentile. As the bar increases towards the right side of the graph, it represents that more
My major at the Bryant&Stratton Online College is Business Administration and when I graduate I will pursue employment in the Administrative Assistant career field. In addition to this, Business Administrative courses can also lead students to work as sales Representatives or Customer Service Representatives. Administrative Assistant career fields need employees to oversee general office management responsibilities that include creating, managing, updating and supervising essential business records for corporations. This career field also requires employees to carry out employment tasks that aid employers with operating and maintaining their corporation in the global market .This presented business document shows the education requirements
You’re having a relaxing swim in the ocean but then suddenly you see it-a fin.