Sludge Lab Report

According to the qualitative data that was obtained, some of the solid, the salt, was soluble in the solvent, which in this case was water, while the rest of the substance, the sulfur, was not. When poured onto the filter paper, the yellow sulfur was collected on the filter paper, while the salt and the water went through to the bottom of the test tube and had a clear color. When the filtrate, or the liquid that was filtered through the paper, was put on the evaporating dish, the water evaporated and the solid that was left behind was the salt. This method, called filtration, used the different solubilities of the solids to separate the mixture of solids. A possible error groups may have encountered is that the groups had used tap water instead of distilled water, which may have offset the solubility and had filled some of the ‘holes’ so that the salt could not fit.

The chemical makeup of certain acids and bases that are not managed reacted properly can be harmful and a result of improperly measured acids and bases. This could have a negative effect on humans pertaining to different liquids that could be consumed or physically hazardous to the body. However, due to decades of research in the department of science, it can be confirmed that ideas like the HSAB Principle and the Lewis Principle help categorize acids and bases between being harmful or not and secondarily help humans be more cautious, according to professor Tse-Lok Ho.1 However, experimental these measurements can be specified and determined through titrations. According to Jakub Ederer and other researchers, titrations have quick and determinable results and do not require a lot of money and are commonly used for acids.2 The Lab Manual provides an experiment that includes a titration to determine the moles of acetic acid (HC2H3O2) in a specific amount of vinegar.3 To follow through with this experiment, the acid-base reaction has a known molar concentration of NaOH solution that reacts with an unknown molar concentration of acetic acid to make water and NaC2H3O2, resulting in a titration.

The mole is a convenient unit for analyzing chemical reactions. Avogadro’s number is equal to the mole. The mass of a mole of any compound or element is the mass in grams that corresponds to the molecular formula, also known as the atomic mass. In this experiment, you will observe the reaction of iron nails with a solution of copper (II) chloride and determine the number of moles involved in the reaction. You will determine the number of moles of copper produced in the reaction of iron and copper (II) chloride, determine the number of moles of iron used up in the reaction of iron and copper (II) chloride, determine the ratio of moles of iron to moles of copper, and determine the number of atoms and formula units involved in

The class believes that it is C6H8O7 and NaHCO3 because of their physical and chemical properties. The mystery mixture has some chunky parts, along with some

10. I then repeated steps 1-9 using alcohol as my solvent, instead of the 1% salt solution.

Purpose: The purpose of the lab is to separate a mixture that is composed of three components by using fractional distillation, then analyze the results with gas chromatography to find the percent composition of each component within three samples.

In experiment 2, we used liquid-liquid extraction to separate a mixture using two immiscible solvents. We made use of extraction, back extraction, neutralization, and melting point technique to figure out the identity of the acid, base and neutral from the combined unknown mixture. There were a couple things that we had to pay close attention to. For example, identifying the organic and aqueous layer as liquid-liquid extraction is usually used to separate organic product from the mixing with the aqueous layer. Also, if precipitation did not form, we would need to add in MTBE solution and dry the solution with small amount of sodium sulfate.

To filter the foul water, 100.1 mL were poured into a graduated cylinder. The water had a dark brown color, with tiny particles floating around in the substance. It was also murky and hard to see through with a small

Introduction Microbiology is the study of microorganisms that live unseen by the naked eye. This field delves into the morphology, physiology, and biochemical aspects of bacteria, viruses, yeast, protozoa and archaea. Microorganisms play a vital role in every form of life from plants to animals. There are many branches within the field of microbiology that are broken down into two groups; pure and applied. The study of pure microbiology includes six main branches; bacteriology, mycology, phycology, protozoology, virology, and parasitology (Maruthi, n.d.).

Have you ever thought about what you would drink if you ever got stranded in the wilderness without clean water? Well Mr. Troen has, and he decided to test our class’s wisdom on the subject. In this lab we received slough water and were told to make it so we would drink it. In my group we decided to try a number of different things to make it drinkable.

In this lab, paper chromatography will be used to separate the components of known and unknown mixtures and then used to identify those components. Paper chromatography is a technique where a drop of solution containing a mixture is placed on a piece of filter paper. One end of the filter paper is then placed into a liquid solvent. The mixture will separate into its different components as the solvent moves up the filter paper. The filter paper is known as the stationary phase. The solvent is known as the mobile phase because it uses capillary action to move up the paper. The mixture will be separated into its different components because each component will have a unique chemical affinity for the paper and for the solvent. Theses affinities

A fecal sample inside a swab tube was obtained and stored at -20 C until DNA extraction. DNA was extracted from the sample using the Eppendorf EpMotion 5075 robot obtained from Eppendorf’s main website. Fecal samples obtained were taken out of the -20 C and placed to thaw. 20 microliters of Broad-spectrum serine protease; endopeptidase K and 20 microliters of lysozyme were added. Samples were then placed in a freezer at -80 C for thirty minutes and then taken out to thaw at 40 C for sixty minutes a total of 3 times. 75 microliiters of sodium dodecyl sulfate was then added to the samples and left to incubate in a 65 C water bath for 120 minutes.

To begin, we observed the physical properties of our substance. Physical properties include smell, physical appearance, odor, and color, as well as any other properties that can help identify a substance simply from observation. We noticed fairly large, white granules that didn’t have a great tendency to stick to one another. These results can be viewed in Table 1. There was no noticeable odor to our compound, or any other visible identifiers. Sodium Chloride is an odorless, colorless solid that dissolves completely in water. Our results matched these properties.

The particles that were collected for the lab were very concentrated prior to being mixed into the medium. Once the particles where mixed into the medium they was a decreased in their concentration as the medium allowed for separation by filling the spaces between them. Once the first streak was made it was slightly less concentrated and this allowed for the particles to be spread out over the surface. The concentration of particles that were spread with each streak continued to decrease. In the final streak, as seen in picture 7, the particles were separated almost to the point of being able to individually identify each color of particle. Much as the same results that you might see with a mixed culture that was completed in a lab and final results reviewed under a microscope.

Filtration: A way of separating Insoluble Solids from Liquids. With Filter Paper and a Funnel.