[pic] AE2009 Aerospace Materials Assignment Report Use of Smart Materials in Aerospace Industry List of Contents 1. Introduction 3 1. Purpose 4 2. Background 4 3. Scope 4 2. Types and Applications of Smart Materials 1. Piezoelectric Material 5 2. Shape Memory Alloys 14 3. Magnetostrictive Materials 20 4. Rheological Fluids 22 3. Discussion 25 4. Conclusion 26 5. References 27 Abstract This report will cover the different types of smart materials, and their applications in the aerospace industry. An introduction is made with regards to the background and history of smart materials, after which 4 different types of smart materials are introduced. Within each subsection, we …show more content…
Five year later, in 1938, the same phase transformation was observed in brass. In 1962, Beehler and coworkers discovered the shape memory effects of Nickel-Titanium alloy, and they named this family of alloy as Nitinol. The discovery of Nitinol ignites the discovery of other alloy systems with shape memory effect, and also accelerates the use of smart materials in product development.[3] Since then, aerospace companies are also exploring the use of smart materials in aircraft components. Conventional automatic control systems which use servo-valve or hydraulic actuators face a lot of limitations. These limitations include multiple energy conversions, complexity due to large number of parts resulting in large number of potential failure sites and large weight penalty, high vulnerability of hydraulic network, and frequency limitation. In contrast, the advantages from the use of smart materials actuators include the direct conversion of electrical energy to high frequency linear motion, easier transmission of electrical energy throughout aircraft, and light and compact smart materials induced-strain actuation in place of bulky hydraulic power systems. With this huge potential offered by smart materials, researchers are eager to tap on this potential, by exploring on ways to implement these smart materials into aircraft components. 1.3 Scope This report will present the 4 common types of smart
Ceramics Engineering-- the industry that Materials Technology Corporation, or "MTC" is a part of-- is a multi-billion dollar a year industry. Because ceramics can be manufactured to have unique combinations of strength, weight, thermal and magnetic conductivity, and deformability, they have countless uses in industries such as aerospace, biomedical, automotive, and electrical. With an unlimited number of such combinations, it is possible to create a material that exactly suits a given situation.
National Inventors Hall of Fame in 2010, for finding a way to stabilize the polymers used to coat
AIAA has earned an international reputation as the preeminent publisher of cutting-edge aerospace books and journals, and the leading source of aerospace industry archives, dating back to the early 1900s. Over the past eight decades, AIAA and its predecessor organizations have published over 300 books and almost 200,000 technical articles. AIAA’s current publications include seven technical journals, a magazine, three book series, national and international standards documents, a growing number of e-books and other electronic products, and a full-service, interactive Web site. For the most authoritative technical publications, look to
However, the absence of plastic deformation does not mean that composites are brittle materials like monolithic ceramics. The heterogeneous nature of composites result in complex failure mechanisms which impart toughness. Fiber-reinforced materials have been found to produce durable, reliable structural components in countless applications. The unique characteristic of composite materials, especially anisotropy, require the use of special design
One of titanium’s most important uses is in aerospace technology used by the United States Air Force. Titanium is very beneficial because it is corrosion resistant, has a high strength to density ratio, resists fatigue and racking, and is temperature resistant. Because of these properties titanium has many applications for the Air Force. In aircraft titanium is crucial to engine parts because it can handle high temperatures and stress. It is used in modern aircraft, such as the F-22 raptor, and was one of the key components in the record holding SR-71 Blackbird. Because of its low weight and heat resistance titanium is also used in spacecraft and ballistic, air-to-air and air-to-ground missiles. Since titanium has roughly the same weight as aluminum and the strength or iron it has many armor applications. The most noticeable for the US Air Force is in the “bathtub” like shell that protects the pilot of the A-10. Titanium is invaluable to the US Air Force; titanium and its alloys have numerous applications in modern aerospace technology, have been used in some of the most influential and important Air Force missions, and have the potential for future applications that could once again result in a drastic shift in aerospace
Aerospace Engineers design aircraft, spacecraft, missiles, and other airborne objects. Creating prototypes of these designs and testing them is also a primary part of the job. They may also evaluate the designs of other engineers to ensure that the idea meets certain ethical, safety, and environmental standards. It is not unusual for Aerospace Engineers to oversee the building process as well, ensuring that proper deadlines are met. Typically an Aerospace Engineers specializes in either aeronautical or astronautical design, which will determine whether they work with aircraft or spacecraft.
This type of aircraft was the very first of its kind. Unfortunately the aircraft was too ahead of the times and the price tag for their aircraft could not compete with the military surplus. Loughead Aircraft business did not succeed and closed in 1920.
However, that was not the only basis of my decision, because the question of which specific branch of engineering tree was still at large. As time went on, though, one specific material that came to my attention helped to shed a bit of light on the situation. Memory metal is an alloy that can bend thus altering its crystal structure from phase to phase and it can then return to its original shape based on changes in temperature. (Memory Metal Sets Flex Record.) Because this metal is a material it has obviously fallen right in line with the field of metallurgical engineering. Therefore, it became
Sir William Ramsay and Morris M. Travers discovered the element neon in 1898. Sir William Ramsay and Morris M. Travers took aargon, froze it in a glass bubble, and surrounded it with liquefied air. Then Ramsay and Travers took away the liquid and ran electricity through the vapor, which turned into neon!
One future career possibility is Aerospace Engineering. After conducting much research, I have learned a lot about the different characteristics of an aerospace engineer, along with their daily duties and responsibilities. This research has allowed for a better understanding of what an aerospace engineer is and how well my personality and characteristics would relate to this career.
Three main areas Computational Fluid Dynamics, Alternative engines and advanced materials are considered in research.
In 2006, MIT's Technology Review magazine chose Suresh as a "Main 10" specialist whose work will "significantly affect business, solution or society." His numerous distinctions for his insightful examination amid the previous decade include: the 2006 Acta Materialia Gold Medal; the 2007 European Materials Medal from the Federation of European Materials Societies; the 2008 Eringen Medal of the Society of Engineering Science; the 2011 General President's Gold Medal from the Indian National Science Congress; the 2011 Nadai Medal and the 2012 Timoshenko Medal from the American Society of Mechanical Engineers; the 2012 R.F. Mehl Award from the Minerals, Metals and Materials Society; the 2013 Benjamin Franklin Medal in Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science from the Franklin Institute; and the 2015 Industrial Research Institute
By the next year, 1848, Pasteur was already making a name for himself by his crystal studies. He noticed that the 2 different types of crystals that he was studying, did not rotate when they were together – they were
In this paper, I discuss the characteristics and different applications of piezoelectric material and how matching is an important to observe the behavior of
In the early 1900's a duch physicist by the name of Heike Kammerlingh Onnes (pictured above), discovered superconductivity. Before his discovery, Onnes had spent most of his scientific career studying extreme cold. The first step he took toward superconductivity was on July 10, 1908 when he liquified helium and cooled it to an astonishing 4 K, which is roughly the temperature of the background radiation in open space. Using this liquid helium, Onnes began experimenting with other materials and their properties when subjected to intense cold. In 1911, he began his research on the electrical properties of these same materials. It was known to Onnes that as materials, particularly metals, cooled, they exhibited less and less resistance. Bringing a mercury wire to as close to absolute zero as possible, Onnes observed that as the temperature dropped, so to did the resistance, until 4.2 K was reached. There resistance vanished and current flowed through the wire unhindered. Below is an approximate graph displaying resistance as a function of temperature for the experiment Onnes conducted with mercury: