Smoking, Trait Anxiety

In the United States, smoking cigarettes is the number one preventable cause of morbidity and death (Bergen, 1999), and accounts for $300 Billion in health care costs and economic productivity loss (Jamal, 2015). While the national smoking rate is 16.8% (CDC, 2016), specific demographics are more susceptible to developing smoking habits: people who live below the poverty line (10.9% higher), disabled or with a limitation (6.2% higher), and males (4.7% higher) (Agaku, 2014).

At the psychological level, stressful and poor working conditions can cause continuing feelings of humiliation, insecurity and worthlessness. Not having a secure understanding of the future can cause large amounts of anxiety and futility that roots high levels of fatigue from day-to-day life, therefore making everyday coping difficult. Individuals who experience high levels of prolonged stress often attempt to relieve these pressures by adopting unhealthy coping behaviours; for example, the excessive use of alcohol, smoking, and

Action on Smoking and Health (ASH, 2007; Richardson (2001) argued that manual groups are likely to smoke heavier than the managerial groups and stated likely reason for this such as food insecurity, substitute for food, social environment, segregation and pressure, lack of good health and lack of confidence. In addition to this, epidemiology statistics reported by Health and Social Care Information Centre (HSCIC, 2013 and Wanless, 2004) stated that smoking is more prevalent among the lower socio-economic groups and known to be key part of the disparities in life expectation between manual and non-manual groups. Therefore it is important something is done to eradicate inequality in the health of the general population.

Therefore, they would rather have their children stay indoors and watch television instead. People with stress may have it difficult to insert exercise in their daily routine. When people deal with stress, their only stress reliever would be smoking cigarettes. Smoking increases their chances of lung cancer and other chronic illnesses. The struggle with managing stress is how people relieve their stress and how much availability they have on their

I know you find that putting a nice “wad” of chewing tobacco, or maybe one of the new pouches in helps you relieve a good amount of stress in that instance, but there are many different facts to that matter Hank. First off, nicotine is highly addictive (Health First) and being so addictive to something like nicotine will usually cause a dependency on the substance. Also, the problem doesn’t just lie within the addiction to the nicotine and other chemicals within the tobacco, but also with developing the habit of using the smokeless tobacco. Almost every time

The stress connected to my employment contributed to nicotine addiction weakened my immune defenses and played a role in the course of my cancer. I used tobacco products to alleviate the traumatic experiences relating with my in service PTSD/Alcohol/Drug Abuse problems.

Stress has been linked to hypertension, heart attacks, diabetes, asthma, chronic pain, allegeries, headaches, skin disorders, cancer, immune system weakness and decrease blood count (Cummings et al, 2005). It has also been linked to an increase risk of alcoholism and drug use. High levels of stress can lead to higher absenteeism, larger staff turnover and low productivity. The symptoms are evident in the quantitative data, with an

Some advantages to using a correlational study would be that individuals are easy to obtain to conduct the research needed. Another advantage would be that the subjects would be of a wide variety, which would add more to the results of the study (Martyn, 2008).

Everyone with any mental health disorder always wonders if linkage of genetics is part of the disorder they have. People have said that risk of genetics being a factor in anxiety disorders is less likely to be a switch more than a problematic mix of genetics that can put a person at risk. Researchers have said that anxiety disorders can be due to hostile childhood experiences. Efforts to identify the specific DNA mutations to the heritability of anxiety disorders establish any independent, suspicious loci, but any genetic study for anxiety faces some obstacles also. The fine line between healthy and pathological anxiety is unclear, and the phenotypic and genetic barriers between scientific anxiety disorders

Many believe that stress is a simple problem, however it is often misunderstood and more complex than they believe (p. 181, Griffin & Moorhead, 2014). Stress is the physiological and psychological response to excessive and usually unpleasant stimulation as well as threatening events in the environment (p. 284, Schultz and Schultz, 2010). Stress appears in silent and subtle ways but this negative response affects millions of employees in all levels of all types of jobs (p. 284, Schultz and Schultz, 2010). If identified

Some people feel that our society is moving toward regarding cigarette smoking as deviant. Before determining whether it is true or not, there is a need to define what is deviant. According to the Oxford dictionary (2008), deviant means “different from what most people consider to be normal and acceptable” (p. 547). What does it mean? To tell what is deviant and how to determine if an act is deviant, different scholars would use different approaches, for example: biological, psychological, and sociological. In this paper, I would like to focus on the sociological theories.

Although it is proven that smoking calms you down for the short period you are smoking that cigarette, in the long run, smoking can be the cause of many stressful issues. Smokers will be stressed when they end up in a hospital fighting any number of smoking related problems like lung cancer and emphysema. Smokers will be stressed when they get the expensive medical bill. They might not have the money to pay this bill because of all the money that they have wasted on cigarettes. If a person smokes a pack of cigarettes every day for one year, it will cost them nearly $1300 a year. So if you are a lifetime smoker of 30 years, you have probably given the tobacco companies $39,000(Action on Smoking and Health). Think of all they could do to take away their stress with that money.

INTRODUCTION: Even though stress negatively affects physical and mental abilities. Stress is the cause of tensions, overwork and increasing demands. Generally, the Anxiety is a part of our life. We live with it, manage it, or more all stress over it. Our lifestyle, the region in which we live, the economy, and our occupations can result in a lot of anxiety. Not everybody manages the same level of anxiety and there are a few elements that can affect our lives and reason us to have higher or lower anxiety levels. (Feldman, 2009)

Smoking can be very fun. Smoking is a good way to kick back during work. Smoking can actually be a reward, and a reward that we can give to ourselves at any time of the day. Smoking a cigarette after accomplishing a goal can be very pleasurable. Whether at home or in the workplace smoking can be used as a reward. After finishing a task or specified amount of work, a

According to the CDC, over 42.1 million Americans consumed cigarettes in 2013, and 32.4 million consumed cigarettes daily. In the same year, more than 480,000 Americans died of smoking-related maladies. This figure represents a twenty-four-point reduction in smoking rates since the first tobacco study conducted and published by the Office of the U.S Surgeon General in 1964 (HHS, 2014). These numbers represent a massive improvement, but smoking is still a disturbing blemish for an increasingly health-conscious and aware society. Despite these surprising statistics, the question remains: Is smoking a lifestyle or disease? Is smoking similar in nature to malaria or influenza?