Smoking and Brain Cancer in Women: An Educational Flyer

Another danger pose by unregulated use of e- cigarettes is that nicotine found in e-cigarettes changes the structure of the brain and lungs which affects the function and responses of the reflexes, increasing ones risk to hypoxia ( Hafstrom O.et.al 2005). Furthermore, in a society that Nursing resources are been stretched and one that depends on the youth for a vibrant tomorrow, it is pertinent that the use and marketing of e-cigarettes should be regulated because young ones are being attracted to smoke e-cigarettes which could further create more medical problems for them. No wonder, health agencies are worried that "nicotine may have a negative impact on adolescent brain development and increase the risk for nicotine addiction that could lead to use of tobacco product" (Schranfnagel

In America, there are many studies on the relationship between tobacco use and cancer that was conducted. These studies estimate that about a third of cancer deaths related to tobacco use. Tobacco causes approximately 90% of all deaths from lung cancer and smoking also causes cancer in many other parts of the body like pharynx, larynx, esophagus, pancreas, uterus, cervix, kidney, bladder, colon and rectum. To reduce the risk of tobacco-related diseases, the health educators may find information on the Web site “http://www.nobutts.org” to give their audiences necessary information to help them quit smoking.

The NIOSH study reveals that working women’s i.e., reproductive age involved in smoking has adverse effects on their pregnancy and the health of their infant. The evaluation of data of 2009-2013 from the National Health Interview Survey discovered there were 17% of working women who were smokers at their reproductive age and 76% were daily smokers. Further, the study shows the women working in certain industries and businesses have higher smoking

More then 15% of women smoking while pregnant. Babies who's mothers smoke have more then 20% higher chance of being born with cleft lip, cleft palates, shortened or missing limbs, and abnormally shaped heads compared to babies born to nonsmoking mothers. Babies born to mothers who smoked during pregnancy are even more likely to have learning disorders and behavioral problems.

Cigarette smoke has extreme health consequences. It has been found that for both sexes, smoking increases the risk of dying from heart disease and from all causes; and for women, it increases the likelihood of dying from lung cancer (Bjartveit and Tverdal 2005). Cigarette smoking habits also

In another study, Conklin’s group exposed e-cig vapors to mice. Conklin and his group found out that when a person is exposed to e-cig vapors, there is a buildup of plaque in the arteries and blood vessels. Zelikoff’s group exposed pregnant mice to e-cig vapors. All this data concludes that vaping may threaten the brain, gene immunity, and gene-activity. A second piece of evidence from research shows that when male mice are exposed to nicotine-laced vapors, they show no change in gene-activity.When female mice are exposed to vapors laced with nicotine, it altered the activity levels of 148 genes in the brain frontal cortex. But among rodents exposed to vapors free of nicotine, a whopping 830 or more genes in the frontal cortex show substantially altered activity. That activity was either much higher or lower than in unexposed mice. Most of the time , over-or under-activity of genes is not considered healthy. Both females and males were about equally affected. “We were so surprised” said

According to the Center for Disease Control, (CDC) there are toxic chemicals in cigarettes that “affect the brain in ways that interfere with its regulation of infants' breathing” (CDC, 2010). Autopsy reports also show “higher concentrations of nicotine in their lungs and higher levels of cotinine (a biological marker for secondhand smoke exposure) than infants who die from other causes” (CDC, 2010).

The study also allowed the researcher to see the knowledge of women concerning risk factors to sudden infant death syndrome. The study targeted sixty-one women, ages twenty-four to forty-seven. Among these women were thirty-five nurses, and the rest of the twenty-six women were those who had no medical education or background. The average percentage of women who smoke was twenty-five percent, but including the nurses caused the percentage to go up to thirty percent. The prevalence of smoking during pregnancy turned out to be six percent. There was high environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure to infants that were identified among these women. The outcome of this case study was unsatisfactory, showing that the targeted women, including nurses, did not have knowledge of the risk factors of sudden infant death syndrome ("[Cigarette Smoke as a Risk Factor of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)--Assessment of Knowledge and Behavior of

Smoking has become a major public health issue, with more than 120,000 people dying each year from diseases caused by smoking, according to NHS England. Smoking contributes to many serious diseases, such as heart disease and lung cancer. Smoking can affect fertility in males and females, and damage the health of the unborn child when the mother smokes during pregnancy, and has also been shown to increase the risk of developing meningococcal disease. There is also a link between smoking and mental health problems and it is thought that people with mental health issues smoke more, which has an effect on their health.

It also causes cancers in other parts of the body including; the mouth, the lips, bladder and kidneys.Circulation within the body is affected, The toxins from the ciagrette enters the blood, it then makes the blood thicker and increases the chance of clot formation. Blood pressure and heart rate increases, also arteries narrow this will reduce the amount of oxygen rich blood circulating to the organs which can cause an heart attack or a stroke. Smoking damages the heart and blood circulation, this increases the risk of conditions such as coronary heart disease,peripheral vascular diease this is damage to the blood vessels and cerebrovasculare diease can be caused, this is where there is damage to the arteries that supply the brain with blood. Carbon monoxide that comes from the smoke put a massive impact on the heart by making it work faster. Other chemicals within the cigarette smoke can damage the lining of the coronary arteries,leading to furring of the arteries. Smokers are more at risk of having a stroke by at least 50% this can cause brain damage or death to a person. One way Smoking can increase the risk of a stroke is by increasing the chances of developing a brain anerurysm. This is a bulge in a blood vessel that is caused by a weakness within the blood vessel wall. This can cause rupture or brust which will lead to a very serious condition, which is subrarchiod haemorrhage, this is a type of stroke, which can also cause

One of these factors is smoking which many studies have been shown a possible relationship between breast cancer and active and secondhand smoking. According to One of studies examined that smoker women have higher risk for breast cancer than nonsmoker women specially at younger age. According to Gaudet et al. (2013), researchers have been found the highest rate of invasive breast cancer in women who started smoking at earlier age as compared to nonsmoker women, younger women who started smoking before their menstrual period are more vulnerable to higher risk of breast cancer than those who start smoking after their menstrual period (pp. 515-519).

Nowadays, smoking causes cancers, for example, lung cancer, esophageal cancer, oral cancer, etc. become a common sense. Instead those well-known diseases, there are some researches shown that if women smoke during pregnancy, it would increase the risk of pregnancy complications, premature delivery, low-birth-weight infants and sudden infant death syndrome. Besides, there is a research tells that cigarette smoking might be associated with erectile dysfunctions, which is a big issue in Chinese culture. Related to elderly, a research has shown that smoking is related to nuclear cataracts. Cataracts are the leading cause of blindness. The risk of developing cataracts for smokers is two to three times as nonsmokers (Surgeon General's Report, 2004).

Since it causes so much stress on the lungs, smoking will indirectly cause the brain to receive less oxygen. Current smokers had higher mortality rates than current nonsmokers for cardiovascular, respiratory and all-cause mortality according to a research study (Stavem, Aeser, Sandvik, Bjornholt, Erikssen, Thaulow, and Erikssen 618-625). They obtained these results through a 26-year follow-up study in which they got the forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1). They also attained the mortality data which they classified under “ischemic heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, other CV disease, and sudden death,” (Stavem et al.618-625). It was found that smokers had a lower FEV1, which confirms that they were obtaining less oxygen for their body, which suggests that they received less oxygen to their brain than non-smokers. Thus, smoking indirectly affects the

The prevalence of tobacco use among women has increased rapidly in the past century. This increase has resulted to an increase in smoking-related diseases, like lung cancer, brain tumors, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. There is growing literature suggesting that women are more susceptible than men are to the effects of smoking. This rapid increase in tobacco use among women and the health effects associated like high mortality, morbidity, and health conditions like brain tumors and cancer call for enforcement of policies to improve the health and safety of women.

In the United States, there is around 400,000 deaths each year because of cigarette smoking. Tobacco use has more deaths each year than other drug use such as alcohol, and also other lead deaths in America like car crash injures, suicide, and murder together. To put it another way, smoking also can increase chances for strokes, coronary heart disease, lung cancer, and death from chronic obstructive lung disease. People must know of the truth about smoking stands to be the number one leading cause of death in the United States due to the increase chance of developing coronary heart. In like manner, women should know of the dreadful cost that smoking can have for them, For example, smoking increase the risk of stillbirth and infertility in woman. Additionally, women who smoke tend to have earlier risk of osteoporosis or lower bone density than nonsmokers. Consequently, they also have an increased risk of hip fracture than a female nonsmokers.