Snauq History

In 1976 the Fraser government passed the Aboriginal Land Rights Act. Several state governments passed their own Land Rights Acts, which recognised aboriginal and Torres Strait islander claims to land and guaranteed them royalty payments from mining companies working there. Some laws enforced by the government became challenging for most indigenous people to abide by. Through the analysis of this information we understand the impacts the government and its laws had towards the indigenous society of

At this time in history, locally, there was an Indian Reserve in New Westminster in the area that is now Front Street that ran alongside the river named Qayqayt. In 1859 the residents of New Westminster decided they no longer wanted Indians in the city core, “so three reserves were created: the 32 acres near Scott Paper’s current location; the 27 acres on Poplar Island; and the 104 acres across the Fraser River in Brownsville, an Indian village called Qayqayt.” [cite] At the beginning of the 20th century, in 1904, a small pox epidemic swept through killing many Natives. This reduced the members of the Qayqayt from the already few “400 people to under 100. Many of the remaining inhabitants of Qayqayt were assimilated into other local reserves,

Throughout history, the Native people of North America and the Europeans have continually had arguments and disputes over land. To this day there are still issues trying to be resolved. Twenty years ago, the beginning of one of the most violent and intense land disputes in present day Canada occurred. This event is now referred to as the Oka Crisis, named after the town Oka in Quebec. This crisis caused a confrontation involving the Quebec provincial police, the Canadian armed forces and the Mohawk people.1 The stand that the Mohawk people took in the town of Oka became a major revelation for the aboriginal people spreading awareness of aboriginal rights across Canada.

Colonialism, Aboriginal peoples, and racism in Canada In this research paper, I will be explaining how western colonialism and racism destroyed the reputation of aboriginal peoples in Canada. The reason why I chose this topic because it shows the strong relationship to anthropology and after taking aboriginal studies 30, it also

Canada has been home to Aboriginals for centuries, who play an imperative role in the history of Canada. Culture and tradition have been brought into this country with the help of millions of Aboriginals. Aboriginals have been known to be very strong supporters of their culture, and heritage and take very high importance towards it. They are very traditional people, and have been looking up to their Ancestral ways for centuries. The treaty relationship between Canada and First Nations has caused a rift and a divide amongst each other for many reasons. Although there has been so much history and tension amidst the two, there is always room for improvement. A lot of things can be done to strive towards a positive relationship, starting with accepting the culture of Aboriginals and realizing that it is something they will not be letting go. Secondly, education can play a big role in helping this situation, and bringing more awareness to the situation starting from a young age. (p. 5) Lastly, The rights and freedoms of all people in the country need to be equal and similar. Certain changes can really help the state of the situation but it is a matter of willing to try and see the change that we all want.

“Most nations consider the notion of land to be an important one. But to Canada 's aboriginal people, it is also a strong cultural symbol. Native identity is drawn from the land: It has been a form of subsistence, and an integral part of creation myths.

I believe the Métis became the least unified as the result of confederation. To begin with, in 1869, The Government of Canada, Great Britain, and the Hudson's Bay Company sign an agreement whereby Rupert's land is sold to the Dominion of Canada. Métis, Indians, and settlers are not consulted. And this event affects at least 10,000 Metis and other people who already living in Rupert’s land.

The Ipperwash crisis of 1995 was not the sole conflict over that particular piece of land, and is only the tip of the iceberg for aboriginal history. In fact, this has been an issue since 1760, when the British decided to conquer Canada. Prior to this, Ipperwash was populated by Native people know then to the British as the Kettle and Stony Point people, who had lived there long before any documentation. When the British first established themselves, Ipperwash was a designated area for aboriginal people and was left untouched by the British. However, in 1812, the British decided they wanted to colonize Upper Canada and approached the Native Indians, asking them to cede the land they possessed. This negotiation continued for nine years (1818-1827). Details

Book Report: Defending the Land The reading of “Defending the Land: Sovereignty and Forest life in James Bay Cree Society” by Ronald Niezan is a great reading. Mr. Niezan illustrates how Cree people live and what they still currently do to protect their land and religion. This book also allows us to understand that people will try to take what they can’t have because that’s exactly what Canada’s government tries to accomplish with new construction projects and other

Canadian Native Aboriginals Introduction The Canadian native aboriginals are the original indigenous settlers of North Canada in Canada. They are made up of the Inuit, Metis and the First nation. Through archeological evidence old crow flats seem to the earliest known settlement sites for the aboriginals. Other archeological evidence reveals the following characteristics of the Aboriginal culture: ceremonial architecture, permanent settlement, agriculture and complex social hierarchy. A number of treaties and laws have been enacted amongst the First nation and European immigrants throughout Canada. For instance the Aboriginal self-government right was a step to assimilate them in Canadian society. This allows for a chance to manage

Chippewa is their official name that someone would find on their documents, Ojibwa is their most well-known name and what their language is called, but Anishinaabe is the name they call themselves and are the original people found in their creation stories (Dodge 46). The Mississaugas people acquired all their needs from ‘Mother Earth’ and appreciated all the resources Lake Scugog and the surrounding area had to offer. Unfortunately this did not last as long as hoped, since the government then started creating treaties with the Mississaugas and Ojibways despite the language barrier and little understanding. Soon their Mother Earth was being dominated by non-native settlers and the Mississaugas were getting little or nothing in return. Furthermore, the construction of the dam in Lindsay, Ontario— which was also being created by non-native settlers — caused flooding at Lake Scugog and forced the Mississaugas to move to Coldwater Reserve between 1835-1837. In 1844 they returned back to Scugog Island, but unfortunately there were even more hard times ahead (Mississaugas of Scugog Island First Nation Community

Metis' Struggle for Self Identification One of the most contentious issues in Canada’s history is that of the Metis. Some people feel this unique group of people does not deserve any sort of recognition, whereas others believe their unique history and culture is something to be recognized and cherished. The history of the Metis people is filled with struggle; not only struggles against other powers, but also a struggle for self-identification. Despite strong opposition, the Metis people of Canada have matured as a political force and have taken great strides towards being recognized as a unique people.

How does one describe land? What determines how one describes it? Does it matter about what year the chapter is written? In Chapter 12 of Warkentin’s text, he elaborates on the spacial complexities humans had in British Columbia between 1840’s and early 2000’s. Warkentin flows from the Southern British Columbia region to the Central areas of British Columbia then continues observations to the Island-Pacific coast which finishes with the Metropolitan B.C. His expertise of the land is almost overwhelming with descriptions of the Natural features, resources, and settlements within the area expressing tremendous spacial and humanistic details, highlighting the Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR) and the important history between Aboriginals and the settlers of this time. Unlike Warkentin, Bone describes a

The settlers had come to the West to enter the fur trade, and began to create families with their Native American wives. A Métis is an individual who is made up by a having both Native, and a European blood in their ancestry line (Asch, 1984:5). The Métis are the people that primarily made up the Red River Colony, along with the French Catholic citizens that immigrated over. By the 1950’s the Hudson Bay Company; HBC, has started to endure many attempts from Canada, the United States, and Britain to take over its land; resulting in Canada becoming the victor by buying Rupert’s Land three years after confederation. The final sale price was $1.5 million which made up the largest real estate transition by land area in Canada’s history. (Bumsted, 06) It is at this time that chaos begins to ensue across Rupert’s Land and with those that dwell within its borders. Protestants begin to flood the land, each bringing their culture and heritage with them. With each new member immigrating to the newly brought land, the fears its original habitant’s loss of heritage grew. Land that was once owned by the francophone, Métis and aboriginal settlers slowly became tainted by their new Protestant neighbours. The neither British crown nor Canadian government made any attempt to put their mind at ease, and help them with their fear of losing everything they hold dear; instead they chose to act as if Rupert’s land had no previous inhabitants. By 1969 an individual by the name of Louis Riel

.‫الدكتور: ماجد الفرا‬ ‫اسم الطالب: محمد إياد محمد أبودية‬ 202240021 :‫الرقم الجامعي‬ The controlling : ‫الموضوع‬ What is Controlling Controlling consists of verifying whether everything occurs in conformities with the plans adopted, instructions issued and principles established. Controlling ensures that there is effective and efficient utilization of organizational resources so as to achieve the planned goals. Controlling measures the