Snell 's Law : The Law Of Refraction

It also encouraged people to use experimentation and observation to solve earthly problems. As a result, many Renaissance intellectuals focused on trying to define and understand the laws of nature and the physical world. Renaissance artist Leonardo Da Vinci for example, created detailed scientific “studies” of objects ranging from flying machines to submarines. He also created pioneering studies of human anatomy. On the other hand, the scientist and mathematician Galileo investigated one natural law after another. By dropping different-sized cannonballs from the top of a building, for instance, he proved that all objects fall at the same rate of acceleration. He also built a powerful telescope and used it to show that the Earth and other planets revolved around the sun and not, as religious authorities argued, the other way around. However, perhaps the most important technological development of the Renaissance happened not in Italy but in Germany, where Johannes Gutenberg invented the mechanical movable-type printing press in the middle of the 15th century. For the first time, it was possible to make books–and, by extension, knowledge–widely

One of Thales’ most renounced findings include his discovery in geometric studies in the area reading the rules of triangles. He came to the conclusion that if the base angles of an isosceles triangle are equal, the sum of the angles of a triangle are equivalent to two right angles. With the application of “geometric principles to life situations, Thales was able to calculate the height of a pyramid by measuring its shadow, and the distance of a boat to the shore, by using the concept of similar triangles” (pg. 5, Muehlbauer). Realizations such as these helped shape the beginning for the formation of natural law based on observations of the world through explanation.

the chair is also applies the same force back. For one of his other discoveries which was light, he used a prisms. He proved that white light was made up of colors mixed together. He is also the first person to understand a

His third law said, for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.”(Biography.com) He also created the Law of Universal Gravitation and talked about it in one of his books. This law demonstrated that

Newton and optics, in 1968 Newton made the first reflecting telescope, following the reflecting telescope in 1971 he discovered the spectrum, he finalized all his discoveries of optics in 1776.He wrote books on these discoveries defining optics,

Galileo discovered that anything thrown or fired on Earth, such as a rock, flies along a curved path called a parabola. Galileo also stated the principle of inertia, which became the basis for Newton’s First Law of Motion. He also observed that two objects of different masses, disregarding air resistance, will both accelerate at the same rate. Galileo’s principle of relativity stated that the laws of physics are the same for all observers moving in a straight line at a constant speed. Einstein extended this principle so that it accounted for the constant speed of light.

Johannes Kepler had several theories and laws, including some that shape our world today, including his 3 laws which are, the path of the planets about the sun is elliptical in shape, with the center of the sun being located at one focus, which is called The Law of Ellipses. An imaginary line drawn from the center of the sun to the center of the planet will sweep out equal areas in equal intervals of time, this law was named The Law of Equal Areas. Finally, his third law stated that the ratio of the squares or rectangles of the periods of any two planets would be equal to the ratio of the cubes of their average distances from the sun (The Law of Harmonies). Several people and companies indeed did like his laws, including NASA, Johannes Kepler and NASA where close with their work and so close, NASA even named a mission (the K2 mission) and spacecraft (The Kepler spacecraft) after

Three throries floated around in the 17th century. The first suggested that the eye sent out something which then registered the world around it. The second advocated that objects emitted something which hit the eye. The third adviesed that a medium between the eye and the environment around it changed between the object and the eye which allowed for sight. Based on the third theory, Christiaan stated that light travled through a recherché substance called luminiferous ether. Supposedly, the waves vibrated the ether as they traveled form the pobject to the eye. With this as his hypothosis, Christiaan founded the lwas of reflection and refraction. Although his calculations remain correct, no such ether exists. His theory was quickly rejected by his college Isaac Newton, who believed that light is composed of several small bodies moving. Today, light is known to have attributes of both particles and

Some accomplishments from Sir Isaac Newton are, in 1686, he presented his three laws of motion, in his book, “The Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy.” This formed the principle of modern physics and where he became famous. He also invented the Reflecting Telescope. The Reflecting Telescope is a single or combination of curved mirrors that reflect light.

The nature of light has been the subject of contentious scientific scrutiny for most of recorded scientific history. At the heart of that scrutiny was a debate over the fundamental properties of light: is light a wave or a particle? Ancient scientists like Euclid of Alexandria and Ptolemy of Rome conducted rudimentary experiments exploring the tendency of light to reflect off of smooth surfaces or refract when passing through a medium. These were the first indications of light’s wave properties. Ultimately, this wave theory of light was insufficient in explaining all of light’s phenomena; for example, when light encounters a corner, it will cast a shadow rather than bend around the corner like waves of sound--thus the debate continued. The work of an Italian physicist, Francessco

Galileo Galilei, an Italian astronomer, believed and proved that the heavens were not as polished as Ptolemaic astronomers assumed, but filled with change and blemishes. Using the telescope, his recent invention, he could see spots on the sun and mountains on the moon, defeating the argument that the heavenly bodies were perfectly spherical. He also discovered four moons of Jupiter. He designed experiments to show that the velocity of an object while falling depends on their height than its weight. He also predicted the law of inertia, which is still used today, which states that something will continue moving unless some force acts upon it. He used that law to offer a better explanation of how moving bodies behave under the influence of the

He wrote the book called “Astronomiae Pars Optica” in 1604. It is believed to be the first modern book of optics. It describes the inverse square law of light, the measurement used for the distances of galaxies and other celestial bodies, he described the process of human vision as well. This was likely inspired by his defective vision granted to him very early on in his life. He would also write the book “De nive sexangula” nine years later in 1611, the first book on the subject of crystallography. Today we know crystallography as the study of atomic and molecular structure, but this book was instead on his thoughts of the shapes of snowflakes. His thoughts on snowflake shape would later prove to help build the foundation for the modern study of crystallography. Galileo Galilei is credited with inventing the telescope in 1610, but it was Kepler who introduced several important improvements to the original design. One of the more obvious improvements would be one that increases the field of view. These improvements would later be the reason that the Kepler Telescope, a spacecraft and telescope that detects possibly Earth-like planets that rotate alien stars, to bear his

The next significant development in the history of optical telescopes occurred in the late 17th Century is the invention of the reflecting telescope. Galileo and others used their understanding of the principles of curved, parabolic mirrors in bringing forth the idea of constructing a telescope with mirrors as a critical element in the formation of images from light sources far away. There have been reports of the construction of reflecting telescopes in the early 1600’s such as one built by Italian professor Niccolò Zucchi,

After Tycho’s death, his assistant, young mathematician Johannes Kepler used Tycho’s observations and came up with his First Law that orbits of the planets are elliptical instead of round like Copernicus believed. With his Second Law, Kepler stated that the speed of the planets depends on their distance from the sun which helped English astronomer and physicist Isaac Newton, to come up with his Law of Universal Gravitation.

Light, a concept that has been worked with for many years dating back to 500 B.C. Pythagoras hypothesized that humans perceive light due to the human eyes ability to emit rays upon the environment and the emittance gives a human his or her sight (Sekuler). Afterward, human intellectuals started making it more concise to present day knowledge of light. This development of light came from two intellectuals named Christian Huygens and Isaac Newton. Newton exclaimed during the 1700s that light was a stream of particles carrying energy but Huygens, Newton’s contemporary, thought that light needed this invisible “ether” in order for these streams to make light travel. Then, a couple hundred years later, modern scientists such as Albert Einstein, Thomas Young, and Augustin Fresnel proved Isaac’s and Huygens’ hypotheses of light (Rossing, 23-24). This is how the basis of light was created.