Soatic Pain: Deep Somatic Pain

The perception of pain and the emotions that control intensity differ in individuals. Since feeling pain is somewhat adaptive, when one experiences it, he or she becomes aware of an injury and tries to remove oneself from the source that caused the injury. For this reason, pain is considered neuropathic or inflammatory in nature. Thus, when pain is the outcome from the damage caused to the neurons of the peripheral and central nervous system, then that pain is neuropathic. However, if the pain signals any kind of tissue damage, then the pain is inflammatory in nature. Due to various types of pain, the interpretation of pain by neurons and the source of that pain

In October 2007, a nine-year-old Ophelia Brown started experiencing extreme pain in both of her knees. After numerous hospital visits, X-rays and MRIs, she was given a “clean bill of health (cite)” by doctors. However in 2012, she was referred to a rheumatologist at the Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO), where she was diagnosed with complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS). CRPS is a neuropathic disorder that is caused by damage to the peripheral and central nervous systems, which then causes the pain to radiate through the limbs. Ophelia experiences “every type of pain”, according to her mother, Sheila Craig and this pain is treated with drugs and physiotherapy. Specifically, Ophelia takes anti-anxiety drugs and a muscle relaxant.

Pain effects the body through the nerves. The phenomena of pain is conveyed from a peripheral part of the person, through afferent nerves to a part of the brain, similar to sight, touch, and hearing. These signals are then interpreted by the brain as pain (Murphy, 1981). The nerve cells used to relay pain messages to the brain are specific nerve cells called nociceptors. These nerves do not send messages until "the stimulus reaches noxious levels," (McClesky, 1992).

Severe pain that interrupts a person’s ability to function in society or preform ADL’s, this is a severe form of somatization disorder. The pain felt by the person cannot be explained and does not have parameters for medical diagnosis, is caused by psychological problems.

Neuropathic pain is described as burning, shooting, and tingling. Nociceptive pain originating from visceral sites is described as aching if localized and cramping if poorly localized; from somatic sites, it is described as throbbing/aching.

History: She has had problems with joints for many years, getting gradually worse. She had her right hip replaced in the last few years and has been left with chronic lateral hip pain and has been told she has a trochanteric bursitis. The latter was injected with good result, however, the response was only a few weeks. She complains of pain in her shoulders, hands, knees, and feet. Her jaw gets sore, more on the right. Her joints ache all the time, especially at night and often keep her awake.

Acute pain is a sudden onset of an unpleasant sensation and is usually sharp in quality. It serves to alert the body that something is wrong. There are many factors that could cause acute pain such as surgery, broken bones, dental work, burns, cuts, labor, or childbirth to name a few (Acute, 2014). Pain is the response triggered by the nervous system in response to tissue damage or damage to the body. Microscopic pain receptors, called nociceptor, within the skin register this occurrence and become active and begin sending electrical signals through, depending on the type of pain, either A-delta or C nerve fibres . This signal is passed from neuron to neuron through the spinal cord across junctions called synapses. Eventually this signal reaches

Complex regional pain syndrome (CPRS) formerly known as reflex sympathetic dystrophy is an autonomic and central nervous system disease that results in an individual’s experiencing chronic pain (Ferrillo, 2016). Pain usually happens in one or more generalized region of the extremities, such as the arms, hands, legs, or feet, but can also affect other parts of the body. Although the particular origin of the disease is undetermined, the majority of the time CRPS is caused by a significant trauma; such as a fracture, sprain, burn, cut, bruise, limb immobilization, or a surgical procedure (Ferrillo, 2016). CRPS stems from a neurological dysfunction that generates severe pain, mild or dramatic changes in skin color, temperature, and swelling in the affected area (National Institute of Neurological disorders and Stroke, 2015). There are two types of complex regional pain syndrome, type I is no apparent nerve injury and may it develop following a noxious event that may or may not have been traumatic. Types II develop after a nerve injury of the affected area (Carr, Cerda, & Fiala, 2016).

I hurt…Over the many year’s now of dealing with the disease commonly referred to today as Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS), this simple yet weighted term of “I hurt” has become imprinted upon my brain. This term has also become synonymous in describing how I feel to every physician, family member, and friend, when describing the chief symptom with CRPS. What is also troubling, is all the additional place's I hurt now since being diagnosed with this disease.

Chronic pain is any pain that lasts longer than 3 months (FNLM, 2011). A common type of chronic pain is neuropathic pain which occurs when the nerves themselves are damaged by injury or disease (Veteran Mates, 2013). Neuropathic pain is a complex condition that is often underdiagnosed or undertreated, resulting in negative physical, psychological and social impacts (Veteran Mates, 2013). Therefore early management is critical in order to improve the person’s quality of life and to reduce the chance of the pain becoming persistent (Pain Health, 2015). The following 5 articles relating to the management of neuropathic pain will be annotated, including a summary of the main

Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS), also formerly known as reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD), is a result of an abnormality or impairment within the central or peripheral nervous system. There are two types of CRPS, CRPS I and CRPS II. CRPS I is often a result of tissue injuries which do not involve nerve damage. CRPS II is the same as CRPS I but with nerve damage. Though doctors are not positive what the cause is, however they speculate that some triggers to CRPS include damage done to nerve fibers that carry pain signals and dilated or leaking fluid from blood vessels into surrounding tissues (NINDS, 2015). This syndrome often affects an extremity, to include arms, legs, hands, and/or feet. The most common symptoms which can occur are

Definition: severe pain that hinders someone’s day to day life, that pain has no physical cause but psychological

Within the skin, there are non-adapting pain receptors known as nociceptors. These nerve endings detect extreme changes in temperature and touch while working with the sensory neurons to send inform the body of temperature, touch, pain and pressure. These sensory neurons detect the change in temperature stimuli and send electrical signals to the spinal cord and brain away from the skin (Dubin & Patapoutian, 2010).

Pain is something that connects all of us. From birth to death we can identify with each other the idea and arguably the perception of it. We all know we experience it, but what is more important is how we all perceive it. It is known that there are people out there with a ‘high’ pain tolerance and there are also ones out there with a ‘low’ pain tolerance, but what is different between them? We also know that pain is an objective response to certain stimuli, there are neurons that sense and feel pain and there are nerve impulses that send these “painful” messages to the brain. What we don’t know is where the pain

There are many different types of pain which can be categorised depending on how the pain is caused and how long the pain lasts. If pain results from tissue damage then it is called nociceptive pain and this includes pain from pressure applied outside of the body, like a cut or a burn, or from pressure inside the body such as a tumour. Another type of pain is neuropathic pain which is pain experienced when there is damage to