Soc 300 Week 9 Assignment 2 Lending Institutions, Health Care, and Human Capital

An unstable backbone can obstruct the re-establishment of public services in any given case; infrastructural problems are common in both the agencies and the state; and they can occur because the supporting foundations are weak and scattered. A common occurrence is a state 's’ hopes to fix several problems at a time. During the 2006 International AIDS conference, President Bill Clinton stated: "If you first develop the health infrastructure throughout the whole country, particularly in Africa, to deal with AIDS you will increase the infrastructure of dealing with maternal and child health, malaria, and TB. Then I think you have to look at nutrition, water, and sanitation. All these things, when you build it up, you 'll be helping to promote economic development and alleviate poverty." (Garrett 2010) However, existent cases of successful health care establishment have not proven economic development, like the case of Haiti in 2006, who despite combatting HIV, plummeted economically during the same period of time. (Garrett 2010)The reason why healthcare does not equal economic progress or poverty alleviation is because other conditions can still remain existent: lack of cooperative government, lack of absorptive capacity and corruption. Although, health and economy shall not be developed independently, one is not the causality of the other, health shall progress with “early detection of disease and education in principles of healthy living” (Beaglehole and Bonita 1997, 211)

This handout will be graded on a scale of 1-25, with 5 possible points for each question. You will be graded on the thoughtfulness of your response and your effort to support your argument.

* Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in the required assignment page length.

Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in the required assignment page length.

Please note that this Assessment has 6 pages and is made up of 3 Sections.

Answer the following questions both honestly and thoroughly. Your grade will be based on how much thought you seem to put into your answers. This is often displayed in the depth and length of your answers.

* Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in the required assignment page length.

* Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in the required assignment page length.

Make sure you cover the information found in the rubric. There should be multiple paragraphs here.

Research and find one project of the World Bank or the IMF that created problems for the nation that received its assistance. Describe the project and what the negative outcomes were.

The educations is poor so kids have to be walking long distance to school so must kids don’t go to school. (Odi, Olukotu & Emmanuel, 2013)

Both institutions, the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund, were established more than fifty years ago; and the foundations of both were expected to play roles in stabilizing the frustrated global economy and aiding post-war European countries as well as other developing countries for economic progress. In the first three decades, both institutions had their own respective functions and extensively engaged in different economic and financial activities. In general, the World Bank primarily concentrated on making long term loans to finance infrastructural projects in developing countries, as the IMF mainly provided economic consultation as well as short-term loans to both

The World Bank is a powerful funding source that provides "low-interest loans, interest-free credits, and grants to developing countries" (World Bank). There are two components to the World Bank: a) the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD), and b) the International

The World Bank has provided large amounts of financial assistance to India for economic development. The different areas it has impacted include: the development of infrastructure such as electric power, transport, communication, irrigation projects, and the steel industry. For a long period, India was the single largest borrower from the World Bank. At present India is the third largest borrower of funds from the World Bank (Mukherjee, 2015).

The International Monetary Fund (IMF) was established in 1946, along with the World Bank. The IMF was developed to promote all monetary cooperation and remedy economic problems incurred during the post - war reconstruction period (Baylis; 2008: 245). The IMF was therefore considered as the “rule keeper” and an important component in public international management. In the pursuit to stabilise the exchange rate system, the IMF reserves the authority to change exchange rates. Another vital role is control over the balance of payments deficit of states and governing the policies which affect states monetary systems (Spero; 1990: 33). However, since the 1980 's, the IMF 's role has settled into the position of an institution providing assistance, based on financial situations, to developing countries. In order for countries to receive any assistance, the governments of those countries must agree to certain conditions set out by the IMF and the World Bank which permits the implementation of specific reforms provided by these institutions (Baylis; 2008: 245).