Social And Social Learning Theory

The way individuals learn to interact with society as children tends to predict how they will interact with society and respond to its environments as adults. There are social theories that help the understanding of why individuals choose deviant behaviors and how they progress through life. Social process theories view criminal and deviant criminal behaviors as evolving mechanisms learned through societal interaction. Social development theories view deviant and criminal behaviors as part of a maturation process. Social theories are conclusions that have come about based on the response of individuals to

Based on the social disorganization theory; Shaw and McKay account for high crime begins with poverty, low socioeconomic status and the inability to “control the teenage population,” (Sampson, 2016). Shaw and McKay also knew that within the community, delinquency was a trait that was picked-up by and from other delinquents. Furthermore, if the ability to control young

Social disorganization theory was established by Shaw and Mckay (1942) in their famous work “Juvenile Delinquency and Urban Areas”. The main argument of the social disorganization theory is that, the place where people live will influence the individual’s behavior, and this may lead them to crimes. More precisely, certain characteristics of the neighborhood/community will strengthen or weaken the informal social control within the community, and this has mediating effect on crimes.

Social disorganization is a macro-level theory which focuses on the ecological differences of crime and how structural and cultural factors shape the involvement of crime. A person’s residential location is a factor that has the ability to shape the likelihood of involvement in illegal activities. The social disorganization theory looks at how socioeconomic status and the environment affects individuals and motivates them to become a part of a gang. Shaw and McKay link area delinquency to three attributes of the social disorganization theory; economic deprivation, residential instability and race and

Social learning theory, developed by Bandura, discusses how people learn from one another through observation, modeling, and imitation bridging an individual’s attention, memory and motivation. Social learning theory identifies the importance of cognition, observable behavior, individual self-efficacy, and the extent of how the events surrounding an individual affect them; their locus of control. Social learning theory also looks at individual problem behavior being influenced by positive or negative reinforcement (Ashford & LeCroy, 2012).

The theory of social disorganization establishes that a person is not born delinquent but his environment influences the behavior of people. "The theory of social disorganization states a person's physical and social environments are primarily responsible for the behavioral choices that a person makes." (Bond, 2015). When I analyze this statement, I go back to my time in the neighborhood and start to remember how many young people who were my neighbors were corrupted by the atmosphere of our neighborhood. Which leads me to think because in my neighborhood although the environment was not very good, some went out being honest and studies, without ever having a problem with justice and others today are in jail.

Social disorganization theory focuses on the breakdown of institutions in inner-city neighborhoods such as schools, families, and employment (Siegel, 2015). This theory describes why crime is more prominent when social institutions break down. As a core, this theory focuses on the effects of the person’s location and its specific characteristics as they relate to crime.

There are various different factors that influence aggression in both children and adults. More so, significant research has proven that there are distinct differences between aggression shown by men and women. Aggression is behavior intended to harm another individual, and extreme cases on aggression is called violence. In 2010, 90% of murderers in the United States were male. Numerous researchers have found that the gender differences in aggression are astounding, and that males show aggression a significant amount more than females. These differences are primarily because of what we learn, and what we experience throughout the lifespan. It is true that both males and females learn aggression through learning and experience, but the way

There have been three suggested theories to explain our acquired patterns of behaviors or learning, classical conditioning, operant conditioning, and social learning. (Robbins and Judge, 2009, p. 55) This discussion will look at operant conditioning its extension social learning, and how it pertains to a covenantal framework. Using a personal example I am able to show how the integration of learning and covenantal thinking leads to the success of an organization.

Social disorganization theory in part manages to evaluate why youth crime occurs; however, this theory has its limitations, and requires additional insight from another theory; General Strain Theory to provide a strong evaluation methodology. In evaluating these theories, several academic sources such as articles and books will be consulted.

In their article, Clifford R. Shaw & Henry D. McKay address their statement of social-disorganization theory. Shaw & McKay start their article off by addressing the differences between high and low-crime-rate neighborhoods, but mainly those in Chicago where they performed their studies. They go into detail and discuss the moral values within the high and low-crime-rate neighborhoods. Shaw & McKay also address the delinquency data rates within both the low and high-crime-rate neighborhoods. They also discuss the areas with high and low delinquency rates. Shaw & McKay also share and describe two case studies they had with two delinquent boys, who both grew up in different parts of Chicago. The first case study address a boy, who at a young age

Undergraduates and youths in general have different opinions on the outcome of drinking alcohol alone and mixing it with energy drinks. Their perceptions differ because of the variant experiences the individuals have had for long. There are different articles used in this report that have significant information to the opinions of undergraduates concerning the outcome of drinking alcohol alone and mixing it with energy drinks. This report includes different journal articles with different and relevant information on the mixed consumption of alcohol and energy drinks.

According to Cottledge (2015), Developmental Theories tend to focus on age of onset whereas Social Learning Theories generally direct their focus on the political science and the social environment explanations of juvenile delinquency. A few of the theories that correlate with some of the characteristics of juvenile offenders mentioned earlier in this paper are as follows: General Theory of Crime, Social Learning Theory, Rational Choice Theory, Concentric Zone Model, and the Strain Theories. All expound on various outlooks of why certain individuals commit crime. For example, the Social Disorganization Theory attempts to explain how crime relates to characteristics of a neighborhood (Cottledge, 2015).

In this essay, I will try to evaluate Social learning theory as originated by Albert Bandura. I am going to use three pieces of evidence, in a form of case studies, which have been done previously to support or contradict Bandura’s theory. I will demonstrate my knowledge of these studies throughout their analysis, trying to highlight their strengths and limitations.

Akers and Sellers (2013) has stated that social learning theory is an expanded theory of differential association processes and improves it with differential reinforcement and other principles of the behavior theory. They added classical conditioning (the sharpening of involuntary reflex behavior); discriminative stimuli (internal stimuli that lead to signals for behavior); schedules of reinforcement (rewards and punishment ratio following behavioral feedback); and other theories of behavior (Akers & Sellers, 2013).