How are the tensions between social classes and/or genders dramatised in Modern European Drama?
Social class and gender roles, were and still are today, a key element in the progression of theatre. Dada and Futurism, as movements in theatre took place at the time of the social class war, the prejudice against women and their rights and the struggle to create an equal society. The two movements, of avant-garde style contained three stage in which they were able to create; ‘analysis…engagement…forward vision’ (Berghaus, 2005). Their method to create art and theatre was impelled on by their desire to attack the ‘dominant ideology of bourgeois society’ (Berghaus, 2005)
‘some claim that the word was “discovered” by opening a dictionary at random’(Sawelson-Gorse, 1998)
Dada was a ‘crusade in order to win back the promise land of creativity’ (Berghaus, 2005). Dada, as a movement, did not only take form of inspiring art, but it was a protest, to test the bourgeois society. Dada, as movement has a rampant and wild allure about it. The way in which it was approached and is approached today is similar in a sense of strength and power. In his manifesto Tzara is clear that ‘dada was born of a need of independence’ (Tzara, 1918), this does not only imply that there was no independence in terms of art, but also that Constructivism needed to be moved forward. In Tristen Tzara’s Dadaist Manifesto he does not only have a fighting attitude toward Dada, but also has resilient opinion on the
Study on gender role stereotypes has shown that there are several negative effects of stereotyping. The study on how gender role stereotyping effects children is not as prevalent because most believe that it doesn’t matter, since children are just forming their stereotype so children do not care. However, some psychologists have done some research on it, and from their research found out that children used a mixture of moral and social conventional reasoning
Society today places many ideals when it comes to proper behaviours regarding gender roles. These are considered societal norms that are widely debated and controversial. Society has created a norm, which encompasses specific expectations and rules that change the daily lives of men and women, giving them specific tasks and behaviours to abide by. These standards are known as gender roles, which are defined as distinguishing actions, thoughts, and feelings of males and females. Gender roles are said to be a result of nature, which is a natural process, every male or female is to follow. On the other hand it can be a result of nurture, which changes ones way of thinking and adapting their lifestyle to fit their environment. Either way gender roles are a part of someone’s life from the moment of their birth, as they develop, and long after that, this proves that gender roles are influential to a person’s life and development. This essay examines how media such as music, family life, and different parenting styles encompass gender roles and teaches behaviours regarding them. Therefore, gender roles define males and females are a result of nurture and not nature.
Dada works trace back to 1916 emerging from Hugo Ball’s nightclub in Zurich, Cabaret Voltaire, although there is the recognition of a period referred to “Dada before Dada”. The term’s official meaning is unknown, having multiple translations to either ‘hobbyhorse’, ‘nursemaid’, or simply ‘yes, yes’, this lack of understanding is a true fit for the ideals and archetypes of the artistic movement(Rasula X). Dada is strongly defined through characteristics of contradictions in concepts as well as ‘saying no is still saying something’ (Rasula XI). The works that were produced during this time aimed to defy the standards of art. Richard Huelsenbeck wrote in his book the Dada Almanac, “Dada is forever the enemy of that comfortable sunday art which is supposed to uplift man...dada hurts” (Rasula 65). The movement is one of ultimate nonsense, in which the “true
Dada movement started in nineteen sixteen, by a poet and artist named Tristan Tzara and Hans Arp. As a response to the killing, propaganda and firstly the first world war. Individualist groups joint together by means of similar concepts, even though these groups did not share a universal style, but since they all rejected the idealism, stale artistic and intellectual conventions and modern society’s unchecked embrace of ‘rationalism’ and ‘progress’. Dada was
The three theoretical approaches discussed in the text of Chapter One include the Structural-Functional Approach, the Social-Conflict Approach, and the Symbolic-Interaction Approach. First off, the Structural-Functional Approach is the approach of which believes that society is built up of interrelated parts. This approach believes that society is relatively stable, and works together to provide solidarity and stability. In this approach, it is believed that the members of society generally get along and have similar morals. Core questions the Structural Functional Approach asks are explained in the textbook, saying, ““How is society held together?”
Throughout this course, we have discussed how the differences in the social construction of gender, race, class, and sexuality have led to discrimination and inequality of those classified under a variety of these categories. Through understanding the significance of these social constructs on society it becomes apparent the intersectionality they have when it comes to understanding why certain groups may face discrimination or inequality. This paper examines gender inequality and how the social construction of gender makes it difficult for the pursuit of equality amongst genders.
Today it is seen as more socially acceptable for women to assume roles that are defined as traditionally masculine than it is for men to assume roles that are defined as feminine. In my opinion, this is based on stereotypical roles that have been placed by parents when babies are born – stemming from their own parent’s stereotypical and traditional roles that have been modeled and observed by them personally. For example, at a very young age, children notice whether their mother will stay at home or work and viscera what their father does. Another example, for the majority I would say that once a couple finds out their baby’s gender the nursery room tends to painted in such a way based on whether the baby is male or female. Including, toys
In present day all around the world, society has certain expectations for the actions and behaviors of males and females. There are many factors in our everyday lives that contribute to the gender norms that society has set. This essay will discuss how situations in life can play a part in how people treat other people based on their gender. It is believed that males are the leaders of our world, but in present day woman can do as much as men can do. From The Journal of Marriage and Family, Hu states, “Differentiated gender roles in adulthood are rooted in one’s gender role socialization. In order to understand the persistence of gender inequalities in the domestic sphere, we need to examine the gendered patterns of children’s housework time.”(2015, P.1). Gender roles are society’s expectations of the proper behavior, attitudes, and activities of males and females that they must be taught. These roles define how females and males are viewed in society, their household, and workplace. In The Journal of Sports behavior by Hardin, he states, “Although gender role differences from biological and “Natural” exists in popular consciousness, research has long demonstrated that instead, many are long time socially constructed… Individuals understand their gender because they are given names and treated in particular ways, such as dress in pink for girls and blue for boys, that reflect social construction of gender. Bandura's social cognitive theory is key in understanding the factors in socialization”(2009, P.3). Bandura's theory of of social cognition is that behavior, environmental events, and cognitive factors are the main keys that shape attitudes and actions of an individual. Although, gender roles play a very big part in our society, specific genders are treated differently while dealing with peer influence, media influence, as well as employment.
Dada radical and poet, Tristan Tzara, confessed, “the beginnings of Dada were not the beginnings of art, but of disgust” (MoMa Dada). Largely, this was disgust to the atrocities and suffering of war. However, it was also disgust towards the bourgeoisie, political corruption,
Gender, class and traditional culture all have a prodigious impact on the fate of ones future and the obstacles that arise in the pursuit of the American Dream. In the film, Real Women Have Curves, the viewer can witness firsthand what it entails to live a lifestyle of a first generation Mexican teenager living in a Hispanic neighborhood in East Los Angles. The film draws you in on an intimate level and allows you to relate to the culture and viewpoints of traditional Mexican heritage. The take home point of the film was transpicuous: the pursuit of the American dream is characterized by ones gender, class and traditional culture that one is born into.
Gender roles play a huge part in society. Gender plays a role in shaping an individuals identify and beliefs. It also helps identify what is masculine and what is feminine. Certain tasks, duties, and jobs are classified by gender. However, gender appropriate behavior should not be enforced in our society for numerous reasons and can be seen on an individual level and be demonstrated by social learning theory and sex segregation.
Dada. It is a non-art movement that is perhaps one of the hardest to explain. In this exhibition we will look at dada – from its beginnings, through to artists that are now obviously influenced by dada. What does non-art mean? Dada’s central thesis seems to be a rebellian against cultural norms, surprising and intriguing audiences while creating experiences that are utterly absurd and nonsensical. It has evolved into familiar forms of visual art, literature, poetry and graphic design seen today. Dada was born by rejecting the standard for art at the time (Arty Factory).
Throughout my life, I have learned many things when it comes to gender and class. When I was young, my mother and my stepfather owned their own fencing company and brought in good money for my stepbrother and I. Things felt easy, we had a roof over our head, and the fridge always had food in it. Little did I know that during that time, the economy was not at its best and it was quickly getting worse as the days rolled on. People lost their homes and their businesses went from being good moneymakers to being almost a burden to keep alive. Being a woman and the owner of their business and from what I have learned over the years she was treated unequally because she was a woman. The advantages that many people had were based not only on how much money they made, but also because of certain class statuses. Because of these status’s it was much harder to overcome this recession. Gender and class effect everything in this country and ways to making it more of an equal opportunity is still struggling to catch up with the present.
Throughout our semester together, our Social Issues class has discussed many different aspects of race, class and gender. We have had many opportunities to discuss and share our opinions on different topics and problems we face today. During this course, my outlook on life and other people has changed significantly. The use of projects and papers has further enlightened me to understand the perspective of others. The readings that we have been given each week have proven themselves very beneficial and have assisted greatly in furthering my awareness towards different races, classes and genders.
Dada was a reaction to the brutality and destruction of world war one and was completely opposed to the fundamental values of nationalism, bourgeoise and of the construct of society as a whole. The movement was shocking and at times abrasive, as the artists - like Hannah Höch below - wanted to disgust and outrage the audience. The work shown here is clearly expressing the destruction of war and the broken fragments it has left behind. There is a stark bitterness and despondence in the work, due to the chosen colour palette as well as the meticulously placed newspaper trimmings conveying Höch’s condemnation of the nationalist belief in war and violence.