Social Cognitive Approach

Social psychology and personality psychology both came into fruition around the same time – the 1920’s and 1930’s. Needless

According to the course syllabus we were introduced to the techniques of psychological research. This course was able to provide an understanding of how research is done, and what methods we can use to do so. By having a clear understanding of research and techniques used, it allows us to communicate effectively in regards to ideas behind the research process. In this paper, I will use myself as the case study to examine exactly what I learned about research.

Internal validity of this study included data collection process and student personal interest in education. For example, students may have scored in exam because they concern about their own education. Reliability of this study instrument has not been tested. This is the first time this group will have this survey. There is no former survey to use as a standard to see if there are many changes.

Cognitive Behavioral approach perceives obsessive compulsive disorder as an intrusive condition characterized by unwanted repetitive and anxiety-producing thoughts accompanied by the compulsive act of rituals that the individual believes will shield them from the imagined catastrophe (Hansell & Damour, 2008). Obsessions are thoughts or impulses over which the individual has no control and only briefly subside after the victim has been compelled to and completes a certain ritual over and over until the anxiety lessens (Hansell & Damour, 2008).

Albert Bandura’s social cognitive theory explains psychological functioning in terms of triadic reciprocal causation. Triadic reciprocal causation is a system assuming human action as a result of an interaction with the environment, behavior, and a person. Bandura explains "person" as being a cognitive factor such as memory, anticipation, and planning. It is because of these cognitive capacities that some people can select or restructure their environment.

Since we didn’t have any assigned perspectives, I decided to choose bilogical perspective in combination with cognitive-behavioral perspective.

Social Cognition refers to how people process, store and apply information about other people and social situations The film Take the Lead portrays many aspects and concepts of studied in social cognition. Impression formation refers to the process from which we form an overall impression of someone, from either verbal (from what people say) or nonverbal (how people look and act) communication. This concept is seen when Pierre tells Principal Augustine that he did not go to the police to file a report, leading to Principal Augustine forming the impression that Pierre is incompetent based of what he tells her (verbal communication). Impression management refers to how a person aim to influence how others perceive them. Bot nonverbal communication

A two way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to analyze the data. There were some instruments that were not administered in this study therefore bias and error was not eliminated. For example, there were limitations to the study, as stated in the text, there was no control for teacher expectancies and how this would influence student setting their goals. The second limitation was that only one subject area was used in the study. The scores on the measures of this research are both valid and reliable because the researcher has attended to potential threats of validity

Another example of in connection to the social cognitive theory of morality was when Molly lied to the volunteers about hitting her sister when they were in an argument. In this instance, there was not a distinct reward for hitting her sister (other than hurting her sister), but she did know that hitting her sister was wrong and would result in getting punished. She also lied about the whole event, which led me to believe she knew she would indeed get into trouble for her behavior, so she tried to hide it. Because she knew that hitting her sister was not good moral behavior, she was morally competent in this situation. However, in the moment, she did not see that hitting her sister would result in a large enough punishment to mentally stop

Psychology — Knowledge of human behavior and performance; individual differences in ability, personality, and interests; learning and motivation; psychological research methods; and the assessment and treatment of behavioral and affective

Attitudes are one of the main themes in social psychology. The attitudes we hold allow us to express ourselves through our values and ideologies as well as comprehend people around us. We can make predictions about others’ values from what they say and how they behave, this in turn reduces uncertainty and enables us to adapt and alter our behaviours in a socially desirable way (McKinlay and McVittie, 2009). Research surrounding the concept of attitudes comes from two distinct theoretical positions; the social cognition approach and the discursive approach. The mainstream cognitive approach regards attitudes as measurable entities through schemas and models, while the discursive psychology (DP) deals with written and spoken means of communication and has attempted to reorientate our perspective on attitude research. First, this essay will attempt to define attitudes from both spheres of thought and outline the guiding principles of each approach. Moreover, both approaches alongside their differing methodologies will be evaluated with reference to empirical research.

Akers and Sellers (2013) has stated that social learning theory is an expanded theory of differential association processes and improves it with differential reinforcement and other principles of the behavior theory. They added classical conditioning (the sharpening of involuntary reflex behavior); discriminative stimuli (internal stimuli that lead to signals for behavior); schedules of reinforcement (rewards and punishment ratio following behavioral feedback); and other theories of behavior (Akers & Sellers, 2013).

Across America there are teenage girls making pregnancy pacts with some of their fellow classmates. The Social Cognitive and Social Network theory are two of the many models which help professionals find the underlying reasons why teen girls would choose to become mothers at such a young age. The Social Cognitive theory explains behavior of an individual as being complex (Edberg, 2015). It has different layers which include the individual’s characteristics and environmental factors. The Social Network theory is different because it is all based on the interactions a person has within the different social groups they are a part of (Edberg, 2015).

Cognitive Theory claims that behavior can be changed through changing faulty thinking, irrational thoughts, automatic thoughts, or learned cognitive misconceptions. When a client has negative images of themselves or their accomplishments, it sets the pace for their behavior, perceptions and expectations; when that thinking is exposed as faulty to the client, the client can then begin to change their behavior based upon restructured, truer images of reality. It has been shown to be effective therapy for individual, group, marital and family treatment, in treating depression, addiction, anxiety, PTSD, personality disorders, and some organic conditions such as schizophrenia, and in many social work settings, such as child welfare, private practice, mental health, crisis intervention, and health care.

Social cognition studies the way people process, storage and apply information relate to other and social situations. It specifically focuses on the cognitive processes we use when in social interactions. The way we perceive others play an important role in how we feel, think and interact with our environment. For example, imagine you are going to your dream job interview. The first impression influences the way the interviewer seems you. That first impression is so powerful that it will be a key point to whether hire you or not. Social psychologies seek to understand the nature and causes of our behaviors, feelings and thoughts in social situation. Social psychologist tries to figure out the ways in which our thoughts feelings and actions are influenced by society. In general, social cognition is how we think about the social world around us. The social world around us influences our way of thinking, the manner in which we interpret, analyze, remember and use that information about the social world.