Social Cognitive Theory Vs Social Capital Theory

The Social Cognitive Theory identifies the influences of peers, family members, personal characteristics and societal norms and culture as the main determinants of a person’s opinion (Hastings, 2007, Bandura, 1986). It identifies the reciprocal relationship between personal and environmental factors as an important factor that affect a person’s beliefs, opinions and behaviours toward a certain social issue. The concept of Social Cognitive Theory points out that, to change the perceptions and behaviour of the target

Rational choice theory and social control theory both show why an individual may commit a criminal act, but they both also draw criticism of their approach. Rational choice theory critics point out that “The first problem with the theory has to do with explaining collective action. That is, if individuals simply base their actions on calculations of personal profit, why would they ever choose to do something that will benefit others more than themselves?” (Crossman, 2015). The theory focuses only on the individual’s mindset and doesn’t take into account any of their social structure. The society an individual grows up in may make them more prone to commit crime. Social control theory, in particular the study conducted by Travis Hirschi, also

The theory used throughout this intervention was the Social Cognitive Theory, which is based on the Social Learning Theory to differentiate learning as a

Social control theory and social learning theory are two theories that suggest why deviant behavior is chosen to be acted upon by some individuals and not others. Both take a different stance on the issue. Social control theory suggests people’s behavior is based on their bonds to society, if they have strong bonds to society they conform and if not they have a tendency to act out or become involved in criminal or deviant behavior. Social learning theory suggest that through vicarious learning people learn from observing others and based on what the observe make the choice of whether to copy those actions to obtain desired results or chose not to if

Cognitive Theory claims that behavior can be changed through changing faulty thinking, irrational thoughts, automatic thoughts, or learned cognitive misconceptions. When a client has negative images of themselves or their accomplishments, it sets the pace for their behavior, perceptions and expectations; when that thinking is exposed as faulty to the client, the client can then begin to change their behavior based upon restructured, truer images of reality. It has been shown to be effective therapy for individual, group, marital and family treatment, in treating depression, addiction, anxiety, PTSD, personality disorders, and some organic conditions such as schizophrenia, and in many social work settings, such as child welfare, private practice, mental health, crisis intervention, and health care.

SCT describes individuals’ behaviour according to a three way model which is dynamic and has mutual relationship among the three factors: personal factors; behaviour and environmental influences (Glanz and Bishop, 2010). Generally, SCT uses for counselling interventions which aims disease prevention since it consists of the concepts of “cognitive”, “behavioristic” and “emotional models” (Glanz and Bishop, 2010). Key construct of SCT is individuals no only learn from their own experiences but also by observing other peoples’ actions and results of those actions (Glanz and Bishop, 2010). In addition, self-control and self-efficacy is also identified as key ideas in SCT (Glanz and Bishop, 2010).

Strengths of social learning theory include the ease of implementing an optimistic and appropriate behavior modification to counter maladaptive behaviors in place, it is applicable to various behaviors, it is easy to understand, and it integrates social and cognitive skills through observation and practice. This theory is considered empowering as it helps individuals identify for themselves appropriate behaviors through observation and practicing the desired behavior. Weaknesses of this theory are that it does not take into account individual interpretations of situations, it does not relate to all behavioral differences, and it focuses more on what is happening in the situation rather than explaining why the situation is occurring.

It is difficult to say when the idea of social theory came around because it is difficult to document such an event; it is not as simple as other firsts in the world. The earliest, one can say, is around the time of the Western philosophy came around with Plato and Herodotus among others and maybe even Confucius. The ideal behind social theory is that it is the framework used to study and interpret social phenomena throughout the world. However, there is a lot more to social theory, it also tries to relate to historical debates over generally accepted methodologies, and often they critique the ideological teachings and tradition beliefs. Social theories can also encompass political science, sociology, and even economics, and does not

The study discusses the social cognitive theory and relates to it by sending monthly information to the churches that highlights a health behavior change strategy consistent with this theory (Kyryliuk, Baruth, & Wilcox, 2015). The social cognitive theory is defined as “a three-way, dynamic, reciprocal model in which personal factors, environmental influences, and behavior continually interact” (Glanz, Burke, & Rimer, 2015, p. 244). Another way the study incorporates this theory is by evaluating the participants personal factors, such as self-efficacy, environmental factors, such as perceived stress, and behavior, including nutrition and physical activity. It discusses a person’s confidence in their ability to make changes despite encountering obstacles or challenges, which is a variable that is assessed and examined throughout the study (Glanz, Burke, & Rimer, 2015).

Social learning theory and social bonding theory are two theories that may be compared and contrasted because they both overlap and differ. Although these theories have their similarities and differences, one theory may prove to be more convincing in terms of applying the theory to the understanding of crime and delinquency.

The rational choice theory and social disorganization theory contrast in so many ways. The rational choice theory is when wrongdoers choose to commit crimes and is punished severely. On the other hand, the social disorganization theory is differences in crime levels based on structure and culture factors that shape the nature of social order across communities. Furthermore, the difference between the two is that one of the is about a decision making process choice and the other is about how socialization controls criminal behavior.

Albert Bandura’s social cognitive theory explains psychological functioning in terms of triadic reciprocal causation. Triadic reciprocal causation is a system assuming human action as a result of an interaction with the environment, behavior, and a person. Bandura explains "person" as being a cognitive factor such as memory, anticipation, and planning. It is because of these cognitive capacities that some people can select or restructure their environment.

Both Trait theory and Social Cognitive Theories are currently and have been very influential in describing personalities in people over the years. They have both similar and opposite qualities as well and seem to work off of each other at times in my opinion. Although many theories are still helpful in some ways, I feel like these two are more beneficial due to them bringing a more positive approach to describing personalities and giving the person more control over their own behavioral change rather than giving them an excuse as to why they can’t change their behaviors.

This research is reinforced by Albert Bandura’s Social Cognitive Theory (Bandura, 1977; as cited in Redmond, 2010) which states that self-efficacy or a person’s belief in one’s ability to succeed in a particular situation plays an essential role in how goals, tasks, and challenges are approached. It continues to evolve as people acquire new skills, experiences, and understanding. It can have an impact on everything from psychological states to behavior to motivation. Bandura believed that the key to successful therapy is self-efficacy. Bandura's theory proposed that learning can also occur by simply observing the actions of others (Ross, 2007). It was stated that people can learn new information and behaviors by watching other people which is known as observational learning. Underneath the social cognitive theory is the social learning theory. There are three core concepts at the heart of social learning theory. In this study, the researchers will only use the two concepts which

The Socio cultural theory was introduced by Vygotsky. He was born in1896 in the small Russian Orsha. The socio cultural theory is which looks at the important contributions that society makes individual development. The socio cultural theory is focus on not only how the adults, peers individual learning but how culture beliefs, custom, mode, and language share by the people living in a particular place. The socio cultural theory gives important for culture in the society. The people are interaction between each other as well as introduce a new tool among them. The language is main role in society to interaction