Social Destruction Of Medieval Paris

The Enlightenment is intriguing period lasted from 1600 to1800.French historians traditionally place the period between 1715, the year that Louis XIV died, and 1789, the beginning of the French Revolution. The Enlightenment is known in French as the ‘’Siècle des Lumières’’ (Century of Enlightenment) was a philosophical and architectural movement

His first comprehensive city plan was La Ville Contemporaine (the Contemporary City) a project to house three million inhabitants designed in 1922. This was Le Corbusier’s first attempt to reconcile man, nature and machine (Fishman, 189). The city starts at the center with a transportation hub for busses, trains, cars and planes. Surrounding this hub there will be an organized cluster of 24 60-story skyscrapers. These glass and steel skyscrapers are cross-shaped. Each individual skyscraper is to be set within a large rectangular green space. The skyscrapers house the “brain” of the city. The city is beautifully geometric and symmetrical. Placing the skyscrapers in the city center reinforces the emphasis on capital as a means of creating a successful city. Because of the shape and mass of each skyscraper, they have more usable space than an entire neighborhood but also relieves density and congestion because of the organization (Frampton, 46).

The environment in which people live in demonstrates the societal norms and values of said culture. In Émile Zola’s The Belly of Paris, Florent, a political outcast, returns to Paris only to find that the regime has drastically changed. Napoleon III, a self-elected emperor, has torn down many of the streets of Old Paris to make room for the angular and orderly streets of New Paris as well as the new markets of Les Halles. Throughout the novel, the character’s lives revolve around the various markets in Les Halles and the streets of Paris. Zola uses descriptions of architecture and city planning as well as how people use space within Paris to demonstrate the city’s corruption, signifying that the architecture of a city is a reflection of

Arthistoryarchive.com (2007) Haussmann's Architectural Paris - Architecture in the Era of Napoleon III - The Art History Archive. [online] Available at: http://www.arthistoryarchive.com/arthistory/architec

The French society of the 14th Century was very hierarchical, with a strict social structure of people at the top, the Royal House of Capet/ Valois, and the peasants at the bottom, this is called Feudalism and much of Europe was structured this way. At this time France was not unified as it is today, Dukes and the younger sons of the kings ruled different areas and English Lords, under the English king controlled the western cost . The danger that came with this was that area could have more loyalty to their local lord rather than the king, and some areas such as Burgundy became an independent power at this time . Religion was a large part of society in 14th Century Europe and really until the French Revolution, France was a very strong Catholic nation. Religion was the centre of people’s lives and the Church was a big influence on people’s attitudes. “The 14th Century was a time of turmoil, diminished expectations, loss of confidence in institutions, and feelings of helplessness at forces beyond human control” This is how the 14th century is described, this is due to the amount of changes the whole of Europe went through, from changing borders, natural disasters, and social unrest.

V. What Alternative solutions are posed? Gentrification is a problem that is occurring in many communities. The city of Boyle Heights in East Los Angeles is one of the communities that the citizens of the community are notice new apartments build, galleries owner by rich people, and high prices for

Gentrification has been a controversial issue both in urban planning and politics primarily due to the displacement of poor people by the rich folks (Shaw & Hagemans, 2015). Many individuals have viewed gentrification as an illegal act that should be avoided at all costs. On the other hand, another group of people believe that gentrification is the way forward to promoting growth and development. With such contrasting ideas, this paper is going to take a look at gentrification from a positive and negative perspective, its effects, and how it can be prevented or contained. Apart from this, the paper will also address the following questions.

Introduction According to Dictionary.com, “gentrification is the process of renovating houses and stores in urban neighborhoods to fit the middle or upper-income families, raising property value, but often displacing low-income families.” Gentrification has been an idea since the 1960s and had an effect on countless cities and neighborhood communities. Gentrification was first used by Ruth Glass in her book London: Aspect of Change in 1964, she noted that ¨gentrification can progress rapidly until all or most of the original working-class occupiers are displaced, and the whole social character of the district is changed.” Nonetheless, gentrification has helped revive many cities and revolutionize them, especially with technological

The people of 19th century France experienced unprecedented change in many aspects of day-to-day life. The emergence of new technologies, industrialisation and agricultural mechanisation created new economic opportunities, with the effects of this change most notably felt in the capital Paris. However, the city was struggling to accommodate the rapid growth, and many felt that the squalor and overcrowding was in direct opposition to this new way of life. The renovation of Paris by Georges Haussmann in the latter part of the century saw radical changes to both the visual aspect of the city but also to the Parisian way of life. These changes brought a new sense of modernity to Paris, and consequently the artists of the day became detached observers

When looking at the modernization of Paris in the 1850’s, the ideas of Baron Haussmann are glorified as a great feat for the city. Haussman, the one who improved the landscaping, street designs, and utilities systems of Paris. Haussmann, the one who brought new forms of leisure with the help of the wealthy leisure class. But is Haussmanization the true image of the “new” city of Paris? And what were the true costs of creating this form of an “ideal city”? What of the “city of misery”?

The complexity of the issues prevalent with both Haussmannization of Paris and the baths in Ibsen’s An Enemy of the People makes it difficult to discern just who or what is the enemy of the people is and of progress and success. Paris, during the rise of Impressionism and during the Haussmannization, was turned upside down—nearly forty-thousand structures were built to line the new streets and the government was overthrown, causing the ending of the monarchy. In Ibsen’s southern coastal Norwegian town, however, it is the lack of change and inertia that causes the reluctance to solve any problems that arise, including the baths, with modern solutions. In nineteenth century Paris, there’s too much change—from the social classes to the streets themselves—but in An Enemy of the People the old fishing village is in desperate need

In the middle of Napoleon III's reign, the transformation of Paris began. He commissioned Baron Georges-Eugene Haussmann to renovate the city between 1852 and 1870. Baron Haussmann received a lot of criticism for his redesign of Paris and it unfortunately led to his downfall in 1870. However should one see Haussmann as the saviour or destroyer of Paris?

As a result of a booming development of the nineteenth century city, “progressive” architects of the time started to deliberate and conceive opinions to create long term solutions. Known for his radical cultural manifestos, Le Corbusier is one of the architects that epitomizes the change in ideal of the Machine

Paris today is known as a center of arts and rich culture both acclaimed and original. Famous moments pop up through the history of France’s art, such as the impressionistic artworks by Monet, the École des Beaux-Arts teachings of classicism, and the iconic Eiffel Tower by Stephen Sauvestre. Paris augments itself with numerous museums to catalog countless masterpieces and sculptures throughout France’s enduring, yet sometimes gritty, history. As a whole, Paris comprises of a mixture between historic architectural themes like rusticated brick clad, mansard roofs, striated columns, and a modern day architectural themes like engineered metalwork, and external program support machinery. The notion of classic French architecture, juxtaposed

In 1853, Napoleon III appointed Baron Georges-Eugene Haussmann to design the reconstruction of Paris (Jordan 25). The goal was to transform the ancient city of narrow streets and medieval spaces in to a modern European capital city (Jordan 25). Haussmann built eighty-five miles of new roads, including the Rue de Rivoli and the Boulevard Saint-Michel (Jordan 32). Along these new streets modern architecture was soon developed in accordance to the Emperor’s authority. This “Haussmanization” created a city that became “the centre of the bourgeoisie”, although the poor were not easily discarded and would soon reappear in the city in even more cloistered and squalid areas (Jordan 50).