The research and literature on the topic of social, emotional and behavioural difficulties (SEBD) is broad and extensive. Within this field, the literature covers many areas of study and incorporates wide-ranging interpretations of SEBD. As explained by Cole and Visser (2005), SEBD is an imprecise umbrella term that describes a myriad of difficulties; this has led to vast amounts of research and literature in different areas of the field. After a brief analysis of the key documents that have led to the current position, this review will focus on three main areas that are consistent throughout a majority of the literature. These issues are: why SEBD arises in children; assessment of SEBD pupils and the development of SEBD provision. Although these areas are addressed separately, there is an inevitable overlap between the topics and other issues within the field. Literature identifies one of the most controversial issues in this area is the complexity of defining SEBD (Fogell & Long, 1997; Cole, Visser & Upton, 1998; Cooper, 2001; Kauffman, 2001). The earliest explicit reference to pupils with SEBD can be identified with the introduction of 1944 Education Act, which categorised children with special educational needs by their ‘disabilities’. However, the act considered many children to be ‘uneducable’ and pupils were labelled into categories such as ‘maladjusted’. The Education Act 1981 abolished the categories set out in the Education Act 1944, and introduced the term
Robert’s rights to inclusion is reinforced by the Special Educational Needs and Disability Act (2001) which gave Robert the right to attend mainstream school and to be educated alongside his peer (Thomas and Vaughan, 2005). The Act strengthened further the Disability Discrimination Act (1995) which makes discrimination again Robert unlawful. The United Nation Convention on the Right of the Child Article 23, highlights that a child with a disability should have effective access to and receive an education ( Jones , 2004) Tassoni (2003) underlined that The Children Act (1989) spelled out the idea that all children have rights. It required protecting all children, but also highlighting the needs and rights of vulnerable children. As with Robert, he is a child in need and as such the school and LEA has legal duties to make sure that Robert is achieving within society.
Pedagogical effectiveness, was reviewed by Lewis and Norwich (2005), they examined varying approaches of inclusion in mainstream schools. Lewis and Norwich found that the notion of differentiation for children with SEBD and ASD was lacking.
Children may face behavioural difficulties such as aggression. This could affect their speech because they may express how they feel through the aggression and not by using speech. Their speech may become poor as a result. Their language they use may not be correct and their communication maybe poor or no existent. Emotional difficulties could include going through a family breakup or grievance. The child may become withdrawn and upset. Children going through this may not want to communicate with people in turn becoming mute. This would have a negative effect on their speech. Social difficulties could include poor housing, lack of friendships and living in poverty. This would affect the child’s SLC because they may not get the socialisation
Including students with additional needs such as Doug in a regular classroom requires a specific change in teaching behaviours. Research conducted this year revealed that the relationship between a teacher and students underpins the importance of fostering a students belonging with disabilities (Crouch, R., Keys, C. B., & McMahon, S. D. 2014). On many occasions Doug should have been treated and catered for differently not only by his peers but especially by his teacher as his rights are protected by the Disability and Discrimination Act 1992 (DDA). The Act directly address the area of
Discrimination affects the intellectual health of an individual by causing a loss of interest, loss of motivation, restricted opportunities, poor job prospect, poor life achievement; an individual that is finding it hard to cope in college because of his disabilities is more likely to drop off because he is not provided with sufficient support. We can say that not providing the necessary support is restricting his access to education which is contrary to the education Act 1996 which sets out the schools responsibilities towards children with special educational needs. The Act also requires that school provide additional equipment and resources and/or support to meet their needs. Such individual will suffer from stress, will be unable to cope
We must not label children due to their disability. It is important we look at their individual need first without focusing on their impairment. We should be realistic about their expectations and modify the curriculum to suit, give them extra support or their own SEN, depending on needs but also encouraging independence as much as possible.
In the early 1990’s there was an introduction to the intricate code of practice, in which they propose children in mainstream schools must ideally have their needs assessed in multiple stages and be provided with extra help from the following; ordinary resources of the school, outside and be provided with statements if their needs appeared to permit it. In order to ensure all procedures of assessment were be followed through correctly, it was the responsibility of the school to appoint someone as the special educational needs coordinator. Schools implemented an appeal system in which parents could comply their complaints and disputes with Local Education Authorities. In was the belief of the code, children with SEND were granted the option
Children with a learning or physical disability may be subjected to prejudice or discrimination at school because they could be treated differently
The Special Educational Needs and Disability Act 2001 (SENDA) introduces the right for disabled students not to be discriminated against in education, training and any services provided wholly or mainly for students, and for those enrolled on courses provided by ‘responsible bodies’, including further and higher education institutions and sixth form colleges. Education providers must also make ‘reasonable adjustments’ to ensure that disabled students aren’t discriminated against. Making reasonable adjustments could include;
Disability Act (2010) refers to those people whom got a medical condition that requires special attention and extra care and helps us, as teachers to treat them equally and not let them feel excluded, this Act can be linked to A, B and F Domains from LLUK standards. If in my course of work I’ll have to deal with a disabled learner I’ll try to plan the session according www,,, to this and prepare for him appropriate tasks. I’ll try to widen my knowledge about his/her disability to know better his/her needs and what teaching
* Special Educational Needs and Disability Act 2001 – Makes it unlawful for educational providers to discriminate against pupils with a special educational need or a disability.
with emotional and behavioural difficulties’. British Journal of Special Education, vol. 26, no.1, pp. 50–53.
Schools have legal obligations to give students with a disability opportunities and choices comparable to those without a disability through the Disability Discrimination Act of 1992 and the Disability Standards of Education 2005 (Department of Education and Training, n.d). To meet these standards, schools must be welcoming and reasonably accommodate for new students. We used the three phase inclusion process when Amir transferred to our school at the start of the year. The three flowing phases; preparation, transition and consolidation help all stakeholders inclusively plan for the best possible transition of a new child where their needs are provided for (Lyons, 2014, pg 80). Inclusive schools help support all students, teachers should work closely with the learning support team at their school to help them decide the best resources and strategies to meet students’ needs and promote their wellbeing (Lyons, 2014, pg 83). Amir has consultations with all relevant stakeholders at the start of the term to set learning goals and then at the end of the term to reflect on his achievements and what could be improved on. All teachers need to use their professional judgement and act ethically as their work significantly impacts the future of the learners in their class (Churchill, & Keddie, 2013, pg 539). Amir’s school promotes diversity and is strongly against bullying. At the start of each year we
Although in many cases teachers have the students’ best interest at heart and hope to benefit them from a referral for an evaluation, inappropriate labeling can bring serious consequences for pupils. As noted on Truth in labeling: disproportionality in special education (2007), once admitted into the special needs program, students tend to remain in special education classes, they are more likely to encounter less rigorous curriculum and lower expectations, they often face social stigma, and have less contact with academically able peers.
CGS Family Partnership is a care management organization dedicated to working closely with youth and families to ensure safety in the home, in school, and within the community. Care managers work with youth placed out-of-home due to emotional and behavioral challenges, however, out-of-home care has been proven to exacerbate poor outcomes for this particular population. This paper looks at why out-of-home treatment is damaging to youth with emotional and behavioral challenges followed by how the wraparound approach can help produce more positive outcomes for this at-risk population.