Social Emotional And Executive Function Defects Essay

An out-of-body experience is explained by few as a sense of being detached from one’s body, and if associated with other factors like a sense that the world is not real, far away, or even foggy. This with the combination of failure to recall significant personal information, or the content of a meaningful conversation forgotten from one second to the next are signs of a psychological disorder known as Dissociative Disorder. Considered as a rare and mysterious psychiatric curiosity, Dissociative Disorders will be the psychological disorder that will be discussed in this paper.

Vygotsky may have overplayed importance on social influences because he suggests that child’s cognitive development occurs through social interactions, for example children do internalisation of problem solving via mutual interactions. However, if social learning is the essence of cognitive development then learning would be a lot faster than it is. Thus Vygotsky ignores the biological aspects that aid or restricts the cognitive development such as the development of brain and maturation. Therefore Piaget’s theory of cognitive development is different to

In regards to key developmental aspects of human growth in my life and as I integrate Erickson’s eight stages of development into my 48 years of life, I found that many of my transitional tasks were delayed, or not developed according to Erickson’s time frame. This might be due to the dysfunctional lifestyle, neglected childhood and promiscuous teenage years I had and it has taken me many years to develop my sense of identity, my sense of intimacy, and to change my behavior (Feldman, 2011). In the argument of Piaget he says that children at the age of three to five years think abstractly and this affects their motor

The PFC is not fully developed until the mid-twenties of a person’s life. “It is considered the seat of the ‘rational’ brain, since its functions include high level reasoning, decision making, impulse control, assessment of consequences, forward planning behavior modification and priority setting.” Behaviors such as impulsivity, inflexibility, emotional volatility and risk taking by adolescents can be explained by the lack of development in the PFC. Adolescents are more likely to not make rational choices under the conditions of high emotions and intense pressure; “they are more likely to act impulsively or without full consideration of the consequences”

The Prefrontal Cortex is involved in planning of behavior, attention and judgment and the orbitofrontal cortex plays an important role in emotions and impulse control. This is related to the article because in order for people to feel empathy, their orbitofrontal cortex has to function. To act the way people do when approached by their competitors, people need their prefrontal cortex to act how they would. The article does not necessarily contradict any of the content we learned but it gives examples of how there structures in our brain aid in our behavior and in the way we act. If these parts of our brain weren’t working, people would experience impulsiveness, antisocial behavior, experience of various emotions and deficits in the ability

Antisocial behaviour (ASB) broadly encompasses human character traits and behaviours that are generally viewed as unpleasant or immoral, such as reduced empathy, aggression and violence. Consequently, ASB is unconducive to forming healthy interpersonal relationships and functional living and on a large scale is socio-economically detrimental to societies. Therefore, research into ASB’s aetiology is important for potentially informing its prevention and management and in turn reducing its negative outcomes. This essay investigates the possible causal role of prefrontal cortex (PFC) dysfunction and structural abnormalities in ASB, focusing on specific PFC subregions; as well as the roles of other brain regions, genetics and the environment. It argues that there is significant evidence that the dysfunction of several brain regions, including the PFC and areas of other lobes, can lead to ASB. The underlying reason(s) for the dysfunction may be brain damage and/or genetic and environmental influences.

A Beautiful Mind illustrates many of the topics relating to psychological disorders. The main character of the film, John Nash, is a brilliant mathematician who suffers from symptoms of Schizophrenia. His symptoms include paranoid delusions, grandiosity, and disturbed perceptions. The disease disrupts his social relationships, his studies, and his work. The more stressful his life becomes the more his mind is not able to distinguish between reality and fantasy.

by the brain to other parts of the body are not normal in people with

The results of these studies have helped to generate a number of theories regarding the role of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) in human thought and behaviour. Broadly, the PFC is the area responsible for ‘executive function’ and is involved in complex planning, moderation of social behaviour, expression of personality and decision-making. A key role is the integration of information from other areas of the brain in order to ensure behaviour that is consistent with internal goals. To explain how the PFC functions, Miller and Cohen (2001) propose the Guided Activation Theory, which suggests that the PFC modulates activity flow along pathways in more posterior parts of the brain, particularly enhancing flow along task-relevant pathways.

Cognitive theory also explains the lack of remorse common in people with antisocial personality disorder by hypothesizing that those with the disorder genuinely cannot recognize a point of view other than their own. Based on the views of the biological perspective of psychology, antisocial personality disorder is a result of deficient functioning in the frontal lobe of the brain, explaining the lack of ability to plan ahead, strategize efficiently, experience sympathy, or

location of the frontal lobe in the brain, it is at high risk of damage, in head trauma case to the

Goldberg (2009) purports, that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) interconnects with every area associated with specialized functions in the brain and is the only structure in the brain, which is so connected. He proposes that this unique anatomical presentation of the PFC provides it with the opportunity and ability to gather information stored within those associated areas and to apply appropriate responses to environmental stimulus. These processes of assimilating and applying refer to executive function (EF) and compare to the role of a conductor or CEO of a large company. When PFC malfunctions, due to the onset of brain injury, disease, or congenital defect it is unable to perform its function as

EF is made up of a set of cognitive control methods and is mostly, supported by the prefrontal cortex (PFC). The PFC regulates lower level processes (e.g. perception and motor responses) supporting self-regulation and self-directed behavior toward a goal. This allows us to evaluate risks and make decisions, plan for the future, sequence and prioritize our actions and cope with new situations. Individual characteristics in EF are associated with many important aspects of human health and functioning, including academic and occupational functioning, interpersonal problems, substance use, physical health, and mental health. EF impairments are related to most forms of psychopathology. Poor EF predicts rumination, worry and poor use of adaptive emotion regulation methods; all potent risk factors for multiple forms of psychopathology (Snyder, Miyake, and Hankin,

In the management of patients, it is essential ambulance clinicians understand and adhere to the proficiency ethics set out by the Health Care Professions Council (HCPC, 2014). Furthermore, as a student ambulance clinician I now recognise the relevance of possessing non-technical skills as well as an in-depth knowledge of theoretical subjects such as ethics and law, professionalism and abnormal psychology is equally essential for efficient patient care.

According to Vygotsky believed that the development of an individual depend on the social factors, that means people develop according the social environment they are exposed and the things they interact with during their early stages in life (Kozulin, 2003). The argument here is that the learning and cognitive development is dependent on the social interactions that children go through and during their early stages, that is proximal zone and the environment have major role in children development. Piaget on the other hand, argues the cognitive development in independent of any external environment and aligns to the children development, therefore claims that children