Social Exclusion

Over time various definitions of social exclusion and inclusion have arisen in the lenses of sociological and policy derived viewpoints. These definitions have been translated throughout time to

In this paper there will be a critical analysis of the Expectancy Violations Theory and views points of a Christian on that theory. Expectancy Violations Theory is best defined as a way to explain how someone reacts to unexpected behavior of their friends and peers and the many meanings that people bring to the violation of their personal space. According to communicationtheory.org, “Expectancy violation is a communication theory which tries to explain the unexpected behaviors of human beings while interacting. The theory is based on the uncertainty reduction theory where the vagueness on the behaviors of the others is reduced through interaction” (communicationtheory.org). It is another way to measure how happy others interact with one another. There are proxemics levels of space to measure this physically. The first is personal space which is 2-4 feet. The next is social distance which is 4-12 feet. The next is public distance which is 12 feet. The truth is that the way Christians should react is the way that Jesus Christ would react. Christians should be welcoming and not bound by the earthly ways of communicating. Psalms 1:1-6 says,

: Examine the meaning of the concept of social exclusion and discuss how social work may respond to the reality of social exclusion.

Many of the valued character traits include integrity, courage, honesty and fortitude. As Christians, we should want to make sure that we are pursuing the values that God has taught us to embrace through scripture.

After reading these results of the VIA Survey of Character Strengths I believe it reflected what I also thought of myself. It is not only important to be assessed to have these traits, it is also necessary to let them be incumbent in my personality so as to really captivate the people I have to lead to success.

Weick (1992) states “every person has an inherent power that may be characterized as life force, transformational capacity,

3. What is the spiritual result if I arrange my life so that "I keep others who are different at a distance"; so that "I am surrounded only by churched people or those who have the same socio-economic background"?

David Mains wrote this book to explain his belief that the destructive family patterns are one of the issues relating to the relational dysfunctions of the Church body. There are many types of negative behavioral patterns so he has highlighted eight that he will explain. His introduction uses a personal lecture event that changed his view of dysfunctional families and their relationship to the Church. In that hour, the speaker laid out fifteen traits of dysfunctional families. I quote Mains, “Back at the office I set my work aside and again went through the list of unhealthy family traits. Then it dawned on me that the church family can often be marked by the same dysfunctions.” (p. 11) It is David Mains desire that the exposing of these traits

Religion is a major foundation for many cultures. It is present all over the world in many different shapes and forms. But all religions have one thing in common, communality. Naturally, with rituals such as congregation people of religion are brought together. This community worships together, but this relationship extends further than the confines of a church. Members of the same church, or religion, have the same core values, and these commonalities result in a community that would not have otherwise existed. When there is a disregard for religion, there is a loss of community and thus a step

In reflection to “The Need to Belong Can Motivate Belief in God” by Jochen Gebauer, C. Nathan DeWall states “the need to belong is a global need that subsumes more specific strivings for social inclusion, secure attachment, love relationships, and social support” (The Oxford Handbook of Social Exclusion). This sense of belonging, which is often gained through the similarities people have with one another, is the sole foundation behind a person’s comfort levels in a specific area and is what usually motivates someone to become more active in their surroundings. Most Christians feel that they belong in the church setting more than in a worldly setting and feel more comfortable to actively serve God. This is because everyone around them has similar beliefs and accepts them for who they are and what they believe in, which is something that is not typically found in a secular world. Another area to which social identity theory has been applied is in the sense of tradition. In “Christianity is Not Just About Religion,” Ingrid Storm

. Furthermore, the religious congregation is a unique social institution that offer us a large social network with more frequent opportunities for in-person contacts and provide an excellent social support system where it is a religious value and tradition for people to care others who are in need. Research studies suggest that strong social support system that lends help, emotional support and loving care are a great source of protection against stress and illness and lonely people with the fewest social ties to others are at the highest risk of illness and mortality.

One can only hope that each and every day will be unblemished, but that is not reality. Building character brings determination, energy, and confidence into my life for it carries me throughout the day. This allows me to achieve my lifelong goals that are on an ongoing and dedicated path to the future. While ethnic standards push me to exceed my knowledge and strive to be the leading figure, and bring out my self-generating imagination. The standards imposed by my community allows me to strive to examine my peers and go above and beyond to succeed the set bar.

Stratification by economic status creates social classes. In Ireland, class structures are organised by occupation, ranging from professional workers such as doctors in class 1 to refuse collectors in class 7. The process of classifying people by occupation does not account for those in society who have no occupation such as the retired and long tern unemployed and those unable to work due to illness or disability. These people subsequently become known as the ‘declassed’. The class structure does not take account of women who work within the home as “women can be categorised according to their husband’s occupation”. The Carstairs Social Deprivation Indicator which is used in Britain takes other elements such as car ownership and overcrowding

It has been found that social exclusion is a difficult term to define and measure scientifically due to its relativity and complexity, variation across outstanding dimensions, processes, and areas of social relations, and dimensions. The researcher can therefore get it hard to accurately determine what social exclusion means. Social exclusion is also defined differently across the world depending on how every country considers a socially excluded individual. However, according to a number of definitions, every individual in any given society must have experienced some form of social exclusion.

Social stratification defines any structure of inequality that persists in a society across generations. Social strata are groups of people — who belong to the same social class or have the same social level. Social strata are organised in a vertical hierarchy. In the early societies people shared a common social standing. In the hunting and gathering societies there was little stratification: men hunted for meat while women gathered edible plants. The general welfare of the society depended on the mutual sharing of goods between all members and no group emerged as better off than the others.