Social Judgement Theory Of Reasoned Action

In the discourses of everyday human interaction, messages are crafted, communicated, received, and responded to. Social Judgement Theory argues that how the recipient of a message perceives and interprets a message, involves a process of judgment and effect that is based on the recipient’s ego (attitude) and anchoring position (opinion) about the topic. This process is key to the resulting assimilation, rejection, or persuasion of that message. Where does this theory come from and how does it work? This paper will explore how Social Judgement Theory was developed and is described, along with providing an evaluation and example of the theory in practice.

In social psychology, social influence is a process where someone’s beliefs, thoughts and behaviour change by being exposed to beliefs, thoughts and opinions of others. It manifests in several forms, such as obedience, compliance and conformity. All these types of social influence have been studied by numerous researchers who investigated the reasons why people conform to social norms and obey to authorities, such as Milgram’s classic studies on obedience. His experiments support the popular idea of ‘banality of evil’ –Hannah Arendt (1963)’s famous phrase referring to the capability to accomplish dreadful things out of banal reasons–, revealing that people conform submissively and thoughtlessly to the orders that authorities deliver, no

The rational choice theory and social disorganization theory contrast in so many ways. The rational choice theory is when wrongdoers choose to commit crimes and is punished severely. On the other hand, the social disorganization theory is differences in crime levels based on structure and culture factors that shape the nature of social order across communities. Furthermore, the difference between the two is that one of the is about a decision making process choice and the other is about how socialization controls criminal behavior.

Sherry has a wrong assumption on the flunking policy. She believes that the flunking policy is “a positive teaching tool” (Sherry 560). But she did not consider that everyone

Social comparison theory allows researchers to understand the connections women make with the models that are used in the fashion industry and magazines. The models that are used in the fashions magazines are considered a main factor in what sets the bar on the traits women should obtain in order to be perceived as beautiful and attractive. Women use this concept, so they can evaluate themselves and see whether or not they are fitting into the mold that the media and marketing companies are constantly creating. Women continually strive to uphold the criteria that the media creates as most desirable.

When considering health psychology it is important to recognise the various models it is made up of. The basis of this essay will be to take a look at the health belief model and the theory of planned behaviour, considering their historical origins, the positives and negatives of applying these approaches and examples of when they have been used. After some analysis it may offer some insight into possible improvements that could be implemented from further research. Also included will be an overview of how the models compare to each other and critical evaluation of research from this field.

It seems that the people we surround ourselves with have a significant affect on our own behavior. Asch's study concluded that on average participants answered basic questions 37% of the time wrong with confederates, but only answered 1% of the time wrong when they were left alone. The extend of conformity indicated by the study suggests that if we surround ourselves with positive people and disregard negative people, then that can dramatically improve our lives. Normative and informational social influences can push us to either be more or less successful in

Social norms determine what we think about the behaviors of people. (pg. 312) What is accepted by society as norm is changing and acceptable behavior is now being accepted because of life circumstances such as stress. (pg. 213) “Emile Durkheim believed that under conditions of rapid cultural change, there would be an absence of common social norms and controls, a state he called anomie.” (pg. 313) I agree with the functionalist perspective because in today’s society we are glamorized by the constant trend of the use of alcohol. Music videos, television shows, movies, and commercial promote that joy of being rich and famous is the leisure of drinking alcohol. More music artist has promoted their preferred brand of alcohol and even made their own alcohol. Popular shows the fun it is to be drunk and this is brain washing to our youth. The popular kids drink these popular brand of alcohol. Alcohol is legal and cannot be monitored for consumption. It is the responsibility of the individual. Age requirements only restrict purchase not consumption, so it can and still is an access to minors. Mass media is not restricted to its viewers. What the viewers want to see in mass media is what is trending. Mass media is based on consumer’s view. It is a norm that is widely accepted and not defended in way that will affect the serious issues that result in the over consumption and under age consumption of alcohol. This will be an ongoing battle because over-consumption cannot be enforced.

Subjective norms are influenced by our perceptions of the beliefs of those around us: parents, friends, colleagues, partners, etc. According to the TRA, we have a sense or belief about whether or not these individuals and groups would approve or disapprove of the behavior. But we also have to factor in how motivated we are to comply with their views. This can vary from one situation to another.

Obesity rates among children have risen over the last two decades (Gatto et al. 2012), with roughly one third of the youth population being overweight or obese. This is of concern due to the association between obesity and increased risk of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, asthma, psychological or psychiatric problems, dyslipidemia, and hypertension (Gatto et al. 2012; Contento et al. 2010). Additionally, high intake of sugar-sweetened beverages and energy-dense foods along with a low intake of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains has been linked to childhood obesity (Beasley et al. 2012). Studies have shown that most children in the United States do not meet the recommended intake of fruits and vegetables. For children two

The human nature can’t go anywhere without their smartphones; they have them on them twenty-four seven which is making it part of the dress code. All social media apps are becoming so popular that they are a social norm. Our face to face conversations aren’t as deep or emotional as they used to be. Cellular devices are keeping the human kind from the outside world because they pay too much attention to their phones. With that, Cell phones are keeping the younger generations from having heartfelt conversations

Informational Influence and Normative Influence are both categorized under conformity in sociology. Informational is basically when we conform to others behavior because we believe it provides information about reality. It is often when we care about getting the right answer and trying to be rational. It also deals with the "Maybe they know something I don't know" phenomenon. An example, could be choosing to eat at a busier restaurant opposed to the empty one, or imitating the locals when outside your country. In contrast, Normative Influence is when we conform to others behavior because they expect us to. This is when we believe conforming may have positive consequences, such as approval or the enhancement of our reputation, or when we believe not conforming may have negative consequences, such as disapproval or punishment. An example of Normative Influence is laughing at a joke you don't get, or agreeing with an opinion you believe in others.

Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) is one of the most frequently used and robust health behavior theories. The social learning theory proposed by Albert Bandura has become perhaps the most influential theory of learning and development. Bandura's social learning theory proposed that learning can occur simply by observing the actions of others. His theory added a social element, arguing that people can learn new information and behaviors by watching other people. (Cherry, K. 2014)

What is it like to think as an offender and what is it like to be a victim of crime? Rational choice and routine activities theories differ from each other because one looks at the offender side and the other looks at the victim. Rational choice theory believes that law-violating behavior is the result of cautious thought and planning of an individual by weighting the cost and the benefits before committing a crime. (Siegel 2011, p. 85). However, according to Siegel 2011, routine activities theory believes that victims put themselves in danger by engaging in high-risk activities, such as going out late at night, living in a high-crime area, and associating with high-risk peers. (p.74). Is this theory inferring that in order to avoid crime and victimization citizens must stay home? Despite of being opposite to each other, they tend to happen concurrently. According to Larry J. Siegel (2011) “Rational choice is the view that crime is a function of a decision-making process in which the potential offender weighs the potential costs and benefits of an illegal act.”(p.84) This theory has its roots in the classical criminology developed by the Italian social thinker Cesare Beccaria, whose utili- tarian methodology strongly influenced the criminal justice system and was therefore widely accepted throughout Europe and the United States. (Siegel, 2011, p.84). Rational choice theory includes three things that play a major role in the process of trying to explain crime, which will be

“Social influence is the process by which the actions of an individual or group affect the behavior of others” (Feldman 495). These influences are strongly experienced by members in the group. Every group is unique and is mostly guided by a particular norm and behavior. An individual in a group passively or actively allows himself to be influenced by the group just to have a sense of belongingness. In the bid to prevent being excluded or rejected from a group, some individuals overtly adhere to the norms of the group. “Thus, people conform to meet the expectations of the group” (Feldman 495).