Social Movement In Australia

Women have been active since the beginning of the early 1800’s and struggle until today’s day, to fight for equality. There were two women movement waves. The first wave was focused on the equality of the women by working on voting rights. The second wave from 1963 to 1982 concentrated on social issues. As in “Collective Action for Social Change”, Aaron Schutz and Marie Sandy stated in their book “women were tired of being second class citizens”. The civil rights movement spillover inspired women to create social movements by acting and building organizations focused on the issues that affected the women. The social issues were child care, domestic violence, contraception, and women’s health. One of the major topics that the feminists focused on was domestic violence that still exists in today’s day worldwide.

Today, the feminist movement has grown and is still growing as women around the globe have joined hands in the fight against inequality. Even though a lot has changed, all feminists, despite

The women’s liberation movement (or feminism as it is now known) of the 1960s and 1970s touched every home, business, and school (WA, 705). The movement even touched the sports and entertainment industries, in fact, “There are few areas of contemporary life untouched by feminism” (WA, 717). The word feminism in the early 1960’s wasn’t often used and when it was it was used with condescension or hatred. However, in the late sixties that changed thanks to a new group of women. This new diverse group of women included the: young, old, heterosexual, lesbians, working class, and even the privileged. This diverse group came together and collectively created the second wave of feminism.

Feminist theory is compatible with anti-oppressive principles. This theory sees the foundations of group work as equity and social justice, and aligns with anti-oppressive principles of bringing about change and obtaining open and meaningful communication (Gregory &

Throughout America's history, there have been numerous social and political movements that have had a profound and lasting impact on American culture. Movements such as the Civil Rights Movement and the Women's Suffrage Movement have influenced and shaped American ideals and beliefs. These movements were typically driven by a cause. From the 1890s to the 1920s, a period of social and political reform flourished in America. This was driven by the desire to eliminate corruption in the government. People wanted to have a positive impact on society and they wanted to speak up for what they believed in. This era was a pivotal turning point in the history of the United States. This era was known as the Progressive Era.

In 1967, after ten years of campaigning, a referendum was held to change the Australian Constitution. Two negative references to Aboriginal Australians were removed, giving the Commonwealth the power to legislate for them as a group. This change was seen by many as a recognition of Aboriginal people as full Australian citizens.

protest for their rights. For example, civil rights movements were essential in supporting the Aboriginal People. The Australian Aboriginal Rights Movement aimed to gain full citizenship for Aboriginal peoples. This effort in Australia was one of the largest civil rights movements in the last one hundred years across the globe. These Australian Aborigines suffered from significant racial oppression and dispossession. The Aboriginal Movement was defined by student protestors such as Charles Perkins, who displayed the power of public protest through the Freedom Ride of 1965. The Freedom Ride focused on enlightening the world on the discrimination the Aboriginal people faced each day, so the Aboriginals could ultimately become equal with the whites in Australia, Progress was also made through the political process with the Commonwealth 1967 Referendum, which led to a review of two discriminatory provisions regarding the Aborigines in the Australian Constitution. However, the Freedom Ride was more influential in ending many social and economic inequalities for Aborigines than the Commonwealth Referendum because it shone a light on the struggles Aboriginal people faced, served as a lesson to the Aborigines on how to resist discrimination, and created momentum for making real changes in Australian society that benefited the Aborigines.

Question: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Island peoples have since colonization been politically active. Discuss drawing from readings and research about various forms of political engagement.

The importance of woman and there role and contribution  to Australia has not always been the same as it is now in the present. In the 1800s woman were not involved in participating in writing a vote for a prime minister and state leaders of their choice and they were also not allowed to join a parliament house and become a leader. The goals of Vida Goldstein and Rose Scott were to have equal rights of men and women in all needs of life like parliament, some of these woman are called feminists (people that want equality of sexes).

In addition to broader concerns about institutions and whether to work inside the system, there is also discussion about the goals of an organization. Long and short-term goals are an issue addressed in many of our readings. In the “New Now Report,” Kunreuther and Thomas conclude with recommendations that include making long term goals, finding other organizations to work with, taking risks, all with an intersectional lens. This is connected to the question of whether or not intersectionality is too large an ideal for one movement let alone an organization to accomplish. Some of the organizations that Roth mentions in her book, specifically when talking about Black feminisms, had a hard time thriving because their goals were too ambitious. Some of the, arguably, most successful organizations, for example, were small organizations with locally specific goals and frameworks. One explanation for the success of The Esperanza Peace and Justice center is the fact that it was a local organization that derived its activist tactics and goals from its membership and its location. Bernice Johnson Reagon discusses social change as something that is accomplished in the long run it is not something that “has to be addressed at this moment or we will die” (366). No one organization and no one person can be expected to change the world overnight; it is a process.

The Australian Civil Rights Movement had numerous persons continuously impacted the development of the movement. These aboriginal leaders played a critical part in the civil rights act for indigenous rights in Australia, from the root cause of the situations that these people were put into to come out as leaders to the effect the they have had on their communities towards obtaining rights for them and moving Australia into a more civil, innovative nation that strives towards equality for all.

Moving beyond the factory as the primary location through which class-consciousness is formed; expanding black women’s activism beyond the confines of church, women’s clubs, and the Garvey movement; and combating the masculinist framing of black radicalism, McDuffie’s research on women such as Grace Campbell, Louise Thompson Patterson, and Esther Cooper Jackson seeks to highlight the diverse and collective experiences that formed radical black feminist politics” (Woman in Struggle

Thesis: Gilmore argues that through community building and outreach, feminists in the 1970’s, particularly NOW members, were able to “create and sustain their identities (129)” individually as well as developed a “feminist consciousness (129)” as a community as a whole. She argues that “grassroots” movements on the local level using “rank-and-file” activists were more vital to the women’s movement than the “leaders” of the movement.

As reported by, feminist criminologists, their perspective of rape and sexual assault differ between liberal and radical feminists. Liberal feminists’ viewpoint in regards of rape as a gender-neutral assault on a persons’ autonomy and mainly focusing on the harm that rape can do to an individual. In contrast, radical feminists describe rape as a subject to be recognised and understood as a major pillar of patriarchy; a social system in which men claim the positions of dominance and control of the central norms and values that are linked with masculinity (Johnson, 2005: p. 4-15). The radical feminists believe that rape is a patriarchal structure within male power, thus displaying the harms that rape can do to an individual and as a group of women. Furthermore, the radical feminists approach view rape as male have the control and authority over the use of women’s bodies, which involves the sexual and reproductive. Hence, this is the core element of patriarchy, Radical feminist believe that rape is one of many forms that connects men’s sexual exploitation and violence, as well as, reinforcing women’s oppression (Whisnant, 2013).

The first major misconception about feminism is that the women are the only ones who can be feminist. This is extremely untrue. The people who work to support this movement are not only women. They work in many ways to help promote equality. For example, “endorsing feminist beliefs, identifying oneself as a feminist, and participating in feminist collective action” (Precopio & Ramsey 2017). These are all ways that feminists work to promote a better society. However, the negative stigma and stereotypes surrounding feminism and its supporters discourages men and women from having any part of Feminism. This is in part, the fault of those who spread