Social Organization : A Pattern Of Relationships Within The Sexes, Age, And Size

1. The social structure and behavior of chimps in their communities or troops suggest many questions. What research questions might Dr. Hahn and her associates ask?

Those in charge had children and would be put in stressful situations if their children were being harmed. Sapolsky was able to measure the stress of the baboons by shooting darts in the male baboons and collecting a blood sample. Sapolsky was not going to measure the stress of the female baboons as a majority of the females were either pregnant, going to be pregnant, or nursing. After studying and analyzing the social life and position in the troop, Sapolsky analyzed the impact of stress on the non-human primate’s brain. In order to measure the stress of the baboons, Sapolsky would spend the day analyzing their behavior then would blow a dart into them and collect a blood sample. By shooting them with a dart and collecting a blood sample, the blood sample was able to analyze the symptoms of stress. The complex social hierarchy became obvious as the blood sample tied back to the study of Selye. Solomon and Uriah, two powering baboons that Sapolsky was monitoring, witnessed the change in the hierarchy between the two. Sapolsky witnessed Solomon being at the very top of the hierarchy and Uriah taking his place; Solomon was at the peak for years and remained alpha longer than he probably should have (Sapolsky 2001, 95). As Solomon began to weaken due to age, Uriah showed his dominance and successfully challenged and dominated the alpha which took Solomon down to ninth place in the ranking (Sapolsky 2001, 95). As Solomon dropped down the rankings, many of the

Orangutans (Figure 3) are our first cousins since they share 97 percent of our genetic material. Contrary to other apes, orangutans are semi solitary which is unique in its social organization (3). Adult males which are the most solitary, and they associate with only their current, former, and potential consorts. For the semi-solitary orangutans, the only playmate is its mother. Even female adults are more social than male ones, rarely they groom, touch, hold hands, chase, or fight. On rare occasions, female adults may groom; however, it lasts only few seconds. Sometimes, female adults meet and travel with one another to express the close relationship. The long call by a male orangutan expresses an alert to others about his presence. Usually, other orangutans only react if the call is close by or aggressive towards them. Male orangutan can use vocalization to express that he is angry and frustrated, and that call signals a threat to another male (3). Female orangutans also produce vocalization when they get upset by the presence of another male.

(Dunbar, 1983) Among mountain gorillas, half of all the groups are one male. However, females leave from one group to another. “Polygynous females might be compensated for loss of exclusive paternal care by mating with a genetically superior male, thereby increasing the likelihood of their progeny’s survival and ability to produce offspring (Alatalo and Lundberg 1986).” (Hoglund, J. 1995) The competition for these mating opportunities is driven by the female’s choice. When this occurs, the males lose females to another one male group and it exploits what males mating opportunities.

The role of females (regardless of loyalties) shifted dramatically from household partners to that of logisticians, medical and intelligence. While we are provided the details of camp followers and sutlers which have been part of military life since time immemorial, women took on various roles that were not explicitly conceived of in the

Study on gender role stereotypes has shown that there are several negative effects of stereotyping. The study on how gender role stereotyping effects children is not as prevalent because most believe that it doesn’t matter, since children are just forming their stereotype so children do not care. However, some psychologists have done some research on it, and from their research found out that children used a mixture of moral and social conventional reasoning

Primates have always been a fascination of author Robert Sapolsky who wrote an autobiography about a trip he took to Kenya as a research undergraduate student. Part 1 is named the adolescent years and talks about when Sapolsky first joined the baboon trip to Kenya. It introduces his research assignment, how stress affected a primates health, and the baboons he recorded his data from. Soloman was the alpha male and Leah was the alpha female. Devorah was the most eligible female in the group. Ruth, a lower-ranking baboon, who had difficulty finding a mate settled down with Joshua, another lower-ranking baboon. They soon had Obadiah. Uriah a large baboon who transferred into the group in the spring persisted a challenge against Soloman until he

Primate diversity can be strongly seen amongst the Bonobos and Chimpanzees; however, each primate species shares similar social traits that are common among the human species. In the various short videos on Bonobos and Chimps indicated that Chimps are violent creatures where males must assert social dominance by abusing their female counterpart. If a group of chimps were to encounter another group of chimps then there would be war amongst the two group. On the other hand, bonobos are the complete opposites of the chimp cousins. Bonobos are female dominant primate species and disputes are handled with intercourse. Intercourse for the bonobos species is also used to solidify relationships amongst both males and females. When two different groups of bonobos meet one another there are friendly interaction and the two groups would

The bonobos are also the only group of apes to be led by females. They live in a group of about 100 members. Bonobos are known to be one of the most peaceful animals, for example, if they come into contact with another monkey they will play with it and groom it.

While being stronger than the current alpha or being the oldest female baboon, other factors play a role in determining who mates with whom. Mating is as important as being the male alpha, and being the alpha has its advantage of course. Different male baboons get to mate with the female while she’s ovulating or estrus cycles, but on the day she is most likely to conceive the alpha gets to mate with her. Unlike humans, baboons don’t get to choose who to mate with based of their looks, for male baboons the most important thing is how many children she’s birth. For female baboons being higher up in hierarchy allows them to have more options on deciding who to mate with.

Many similarities can be drawn between Sapolski’s A Primate’s Memoir and the documentary Look who’s talking. From the size of a community to the way the animals communicate, baboons distinguish themselves from other social species. The wolf lives in a small pack to assure its survival; the bee lives in a hive with thousands of other workers; the ant lives in a very large colony; the baboon lives in a troop. At the top of a baboon troop’s hierarchy is an alpha male. He assures his reign through

Due to the higher degree of intelligence, different types of primates engage in different complex social groups. The three main ways to group primate societies are monogamous, polygynous and multi male multi female groups.

The majority of organisms that fall into the category of primates tend to live in relatively large group size and work together within their habitats to increase the overall survival rate. There are multiple benefits of living in larger groups which include increased genetic diversity, increased protection from predators and even more opportunity for developing learning strategies [7]. On the other hand, animals living in smaller groups do not necessarily have as much completion for resources or

A younger silverback was often born within the group, and would assume responsibilities of the dominating one once he became too weak or died. Dian's studies proved to us that a gorilla family was unlikely to survive without its dominant silverback to protect them. This allows people to view gorilla society as a somewhat organized structure.

Gender roles play a huge part in society. Gender plays a role in shaping an individuals identify and beliefs. It also helps identify what is masculine and what is feminine. Certain tasks, duties, and jobs are classified by gender. However, gender appropriate behavior should not be enforced in our society for numerous reasons and can be seen on an individual level and be demonstrated by social learning theory and sex segregation.