Social Protection Essay

‘Social protection is defined as the set of policies and programs designed to reduce poverty and vulnerability by promoting efficient labor markets, diminishing people's exposure to risks, and enhancing their capacity to protect themselves against hazards and interruption/loss of income’. Social protection is a costly affair involving overheads amounting to billions of rupees; it also requires that means to sustenance and graduation to a life of self reliance be provided under one umbrella. Benazir Income Support Programme (BISP) provides comprehensive social protection to underprivileged families, under one roof, by offering them not only means to sustain but also the opportunities to exit the poverty trap, or graduate from

In the introduction of this essay we will be looking at ‘what is child poverty?’ Poverty is often associated with the third world and developing countries where death from starvation and disease is the outcome. This kind of poverty is rarely seen in the UK though. Child poverty is unfortunately a result of adult poverty with Child poverty having lifelong consequences. There are 3.5 million children living in poverty in the UK today, that’s 27 per cent of children or more than one in four (department for work and pensions, 2013.) Poverty in the UK is about a lack of resources, lack of capital both income and wealth. But it can also be resource poor such as; education and good health

A child living in the 21st century is no stranger to poverty and the desperate lifestyles it promotes. Too often the case, children, living in families with incomes below the nation’s poverty line, are limited to criminal activities, low-level education, and blue-collar employment. Furthermore, years of economic strife in the United States have invited a cycle of poverty to predetermine the lives of children in poverty-stricken families, where they are raised with insufficient care and inadequate resources in unstable environments. Not that it is in any way the fault of the parents, whose financial situation isn’t always an accurate reflection of their parental capability, the government’s assumes the responsibility of removing children

Social programs universal or means-tested permit people perverse incentives, discouraging work, planning, and self-insurance. The programs distribute harmful, negative, and vile incentives. The programs with the most “generosity” contain the most considerable amount of damage. As a result, programs that carefully target the truly poor to assist with financial issues often

For centuries, nations, cities, and individual families have dealt with the problem of poverty; how to remedy current situations and how to prevent future ones. For most of history, there have been no government controlled poverty assistance programs. The poor simply relied on the goodness of their families or, if they did not have a family, on the generosity of the public at large. In the United States, this situation changed in 1935 with the passage of the Social Security Act. The Social Security Act has seen many successes, but it also faces many critiques of its structure and function. In the past, most governments did little to actively aid their poor population. This duty was

Approximately 40 million homeless children in the streets of urban Latin America are left with no other option than to resort to aggressive panhandling, theft and violence as they fight to survive in an unsympathetic society that completely lacks any supportive programs. These children are viewed as a problem and every night thousands of them are hunted down by organized vigilantes as well as mercenary off-duty and retired policemen. This viciousness is mostly promoted by the middle class, which sponsors the elimination of street children as a way to make the streets safe. In Brazil for example, these homeless children are murdered by death squads paid for by the local businessmen and is even supported in some areas of the media. The affluent nations of the world should make funds available to Latin American countries that are earmarked for the care of street children. The principle is that any county that tolerates the annihilation of its homeless children is not a country that is worth receiving international support. This threat of economic sanctions on Latin America which has large and growing business sectors, would be an effective tool in furthering human rights for the homeless children in Latin American nations.

Ideally people will provide the aid presented in this paper to those who are struggling and the needy will use the resources provided to them in order to benefit themselves and prosper into a better economic position. There are always factors where there is no contributed effort from either side. Lack of funding and government money is a huge issue in the role of poverty and things such as family services and the ability to create jobs is limited. Subsequently, the state, the community and the citizens are left to support the problems in their living area. When it comes to employment, it is hard to pick it up without the help of the government. Many are left hopeless until someone recognizes the scarcity of support and options in the community.

Modern social welfare not only takes into consideration a person's income security and social wellbeing, but also their global and environmental wellbeing. This means that a modern social welfare approach examines how a person is affected by a foreign economy collapsing or an environmental disaster in another (Gamble, 2012 p. 670). This approach aims to support people in raising their own human capital through a social investment strategy rather than protection from risk. Due to changes in our society, like single parent homes or two income homes, government spending aims to open up economic opportunities for caregivers. Therefore, more public services like childcare and education are being invested in (Vaalavuo, 2013, p. 515).

and Duflo found no effect on the welfare of boys. However as the pension was an income transfer of significant proportions it is not unexpected that the health of children would increase, especially in previously highly financially constrained family’s. Nevertheless this is an important proponent in the argument for the impact that cash transfers can have on children 's health in developing nations. The most resounding finding of Duflo’s paper however was that the cash transfer had no improving effects on child health if it was received by a man, rejecting the unitary model of the household and proposing questions for the future of income transfers. These findings are refuted by findings in the develop world, Mayer found that cash transfers in the US had no effect on child welfare. Duflo highlights ‘that the efficiency consequences of transfer programs may be of different order of magnitude depending on how they are administered.’

“The United States ranks near the bottom of the pack of wealthy nations on a measure of child poverty, according to a new report from UNICEF. Nearly one third of U.S. children live in households with an income below 60 percent of the national median income in 2008 - about $31,000 annually. In the richest nation in the world, one in three kids live in poverty.” according to Cristopher Ingraham, a political writer who previously worked at the Brookings Institution and the Pew Research Center. Child poverty is becoming progressively a serious issue in the society, principally when correlating it with being one of—If not—the wealthiest countries in the world. The effect of it is not minimal nor limited to the children in poverty, it is implementing the future education, health, and faith of the country. So by deciphering the problem, the lives saving would be beyond limits. The non-profit organization Children’s Hunger Fund is acting to reduce and hope to eventually eliminate child poverty by offering the combination of physical and spiritual support believing they are essential base to explore knowledge, and without them our bodies and souls are ill, confused and lost.

Child fund has helped positive developmental conclusions for kids in Ecuador. Child fund has been dynamic in right on time youth advancement in Ecuador for about 25 years, with programming that intends to give defenceless youngsters ages 0-5 a begin in life that will empower them to survive, flourish, and create to their true ability. The association expects to achieve this effect objective by concentrating on two primary results: engaged and responsive child rearing and help and solid group based youngster insurance systems. This study analyses the confirmation that Child fund’s work in Ecuador has fundamentally helped these results of investment.

Midgley defines social welfare as “a condition or state of human well-being that exists when people’s needs are met, problems are managed, and opportunities are maximized” (2009). Although, this definition does cover the basic definition of social welfare, Tussing argues that there are two systems within the welfare system and gives a greater understanding of the “social insurance” system (1974). The stigma that goes along with being associated with social welfare programs generally doesn’t include the policies that are in place to assist the non-poor. The PowerPoint argues that there are different models to social welfare; residual and institutional and different programs; selective and universal (PowerPoint). The main point difference between the institutional approach and the residual approach is that the institutional approach is preventative where the residual approach is set-up as a safety net, when something goes wrong (PowerPoint). The institutional approach acknowledges the need for social services

Welfare can be defined as the minimum level of responsibility of the state for its citizens – this is what I will attribute to ‘social security’ in Figure one. Welfare can be in the form of a steady base transfer, in order to provide ongoing, or short term payments to alleviate financial hardship. In contrast, human capital accumulation (HCA) can be attributed to investments in ‘education’ and ‘health’ (Figure 1). HCA is the increased education, health and productivity of potential workers, to which ‘social security’ is only a precondition. It is a central driver of human and economic development. Thus, Bolsa Familia’s conditionality is what distinguishes it from a welfare scheme to a poverty assistance scheme. Furthermore, the conditionality aspect of cash transfers is what assures requirements regarding human capital accumulation will be met.

The government has a definite role in the lives of children who are affected by poverty and in some cases may be the ones who caused the poverty in the first place. Public servants tend to keep their jobs in recessions, and when poverty is widespread government's attempt to make programs to help alleviate poverty which sometimes never come to fruition, in many cases due to not restructuring the economy when things stop working, a country’s leadership can actually cause poverty or worsen it dramatically. (Gilbert). When it comes to failed programs South Africa is a prime example. South Africa, a middle income country according to the UN, has very high child poverty rates. It was found using the 2001 census data that “81% of children experience income and material deprivation” (Whitworth, Wilkinson 2). This shows that even countries that should be making enough money for poverty to not be a widespread issue still struggle with childhood poverty. The South African government attempted to help those struggling with the Social Maintenance Grant (SMG), but this was mostly only

Social Security Policy Glossary…………………………………………………… Foreword ………………………………………………………………………………… CHAPTER I 1.0 1.1 1.2 INTRODUCTION……………………………………………….. Background……………………………………………………………………. The Concept of Social Security…………………………………………. CHAPTER II 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 SITUATION ANALYSIS OF SOCIAL SECURITY SYSTEM IN TANZANIA………………………………………………………… Objectives of Social Security Services ………………………………… Informal Social Security Systems……………………………………….. Formal Social Security System…………………………………………… The Impact of Social Security System in Tanzania……………….. Challenges In The social Security