Social Structure And The Occurrence Of Family Homicides

The pattern of homicide in Chicago has changed over time. The overall temporal pattern of homicide in Chicago from 1965 to present shows an increase in homicide rates from 1965 – 1992, and a decrease in homicide rates from 1965 – 1992, as seen on the graph. In 1965 the homicide rates in Chicago were 10 in 100,000 people, and this showed an overall increase in the temporal pattern until 1992 where this number peaked at 32 in 100,00 people, showing a 300% increase in homicide rates since 1965. From 1992 onwards (until 2013 on the graph) the temporal pattern showed an overall decrease to the point where the homicide rates are now around 15 in 100,000, more then halving the number in 1992.

In some point in literature and society, it is justified to abolish biased views on genes and bloodshed, and to rather condemn crime and homicide as a “social construct”. Studies conducted by Oxford Law Society, suggest that when criminal (when child) deprive through trauma, anxiety, and distress from incidents of slaughter or abuse from school or another environment (in poverty), it gets to such an horrific extent, that the criminal can’t cope with the antisocial and violent thoughts), that they compel into alcohols and drugs, leading to drug abuse and in some times, rape. It is also suggested that behaviour that correlates to crime and homicide is defined as cognitive content and the person’s past trauma and social status leads them into

The Uniform Crime Report and the National Crime Victimization survey are similar in creating data for crime and aim to be accurate as possible and they both are valuable in helping with crime statics. The UCR reports crime and the NCVS aim to look for unreported crimes. However, the purpose of the UCR (Uniform Crime Report) reports to law enforcement agencies accordingly to our textbook (Understanding violence and Victimization, Meadows, Robert-6th ed. P. 3). It helps to enable law enforcement to exchange information about different crimes on a nationwide system, but there is certain information that would not be available because crimes are only reported to

orting System fall under the Uniform Crime Reporting Program that provides information on crime all of the United States. This includes regions, states, counties, cities, towns, tribal law enforcement, colleges and universities. In this paper we will compare and contrast the two primary crime data sources used within the United States, the Uniform Crime Report and the National Incident-Based Reporting System. Before we do this, we will discuss each source individually and how it is used in Criminological research. The purpose of this study is to determine which source is lacking in function and which provides the best accurate information.

While studying Criminology I have gained insight on different techniques used to determine which individuals commit the most crimes. There are three basic methods to measure criminal behavior. These include: Uniform Reporting of Crime, Self- Report and National Crime Victimization Survey. Uniform Reporting of Crime (URC) is a nationwide, cooperative statistical effort of more than 18,000 voluntarily individuals reporting data on crimes (“Federal Bureau of Investigation”1). Self-report surveys measure crime by distributing questionnaires to a sample of people, asking if they have committed any crimes during a period of time. National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) is a national source that samples about 90,000 households in order to uncover unreported crime and describes the relationship between the victims and the offender (“Bureau of Justice Statistics” 1).

Everyday in the United States major crimes are committed which cause risk and much destruction to the many neighborhoods and communities of America. For many years it has been a job for investigators to figure out why these crimes are being committed and where they are most likely to occur. The National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) and the Uniform Crime Reports (UCR) are just two of the many methods used by the government in order to keep track of criminal activities and to collect data.

There have been numerous opinions as well as criticism on how crime should be measured in the United States. FBI, and U.S. Census are a few of the government agencies who utilize crime reporting methods such as Uniform Crime Reports (UCR), National Incident-Based reporting system (NIBRS), and National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS). Each method is created in order to give us an estimation of crime rate, so the process to reducing it could begin. Looking at the history of each report, then review their similarities and their differences, to finally analyzing varies criticisms, will help in the understanding if these crime reporting methods are effective.

In 1988, Washington DC (with a population of 599,657) was considered the murder capital of the United States. In 1989 the murder rate had drastically jumped to 415, and in 1991 it had hit its peak at 482 murders. By 2009, with 100% of police departments reporting, the number of reported murders has plummeted to a low 144 murders, an all-time low.In the past the business district would criticize the police department’s handling of drug and violence is a big problem (Pinin, 1989), stating that the murder rate is directly connected to the wide spread drug use in the District. In the most recent years the murder rate in Washington DC has started to climb, a lot of people believe it is related to the drug use in the area and the Cities poverty level in the metropolitan areas of the city. The city has developed a zero tolerance program which seems to be lowering the crime

The victimization report (VR) breaks each crime into subgroups. Each subgroup shows a better interpretation on which violent crime or other crimes played a higher role in the rates recorded. In table 1 of the VR,

Primary homicides are considered, "the most frequent and involve family members, friends, and aquaintance and they are usually characterized as expressive crimes" (Schmalleger, 2012 P.240). These crime are usually commited due to hostility, that comes from jeolously, revenge, dissagrements, and even romantic triangles. When it comes to nonprimary homicides it involves, "victims and offenders who have no prior relationship" (Schmalleger, 2012 P.240). With this type of homicide the offender premidites the crime and are less likely to be precipitated by the victim. Not always do homicide offenders plan to kill the victims, sometimes when a instrumental crime takes place, a sibling offense can happen by the cause of an incident. A sibling offense

The Uniform Crime Reporting Program (UCR) is a nationwide, involving systems with thousands of statistical information by city, county, and state law enforcement agencies voluntarily reporting data on crimes brought to their attention. Not only is this program supported by local law enforcement agencies, but also by Department of Justice and Federal Bureau of Investigation. Its primary objective is to generate a reliable set of criminal statistics for use in law enforcement administration, operation, and management. It gathers and draws its information from a category of crime index and rate of crime. These include the violent crimes of "murder and nonnegligent manslaughter, forcible rape, robbery, and aggravated assault, and the property crimes

2015, and questions whether or not due to the 50 percent increase in homicides, is the increase

The media broadcast of parents killing their children dominates local news, also known as filicide, the criminal act parents commit against their children. According to the FBI statistics about five infants under the age of 1 are killed each week in the United States. No particular geographical location exists for this type of crimes; filicide occurs everywhere and in any place. It appears that the seasons; summer, spring, winter or fall, weekend or weekday, nothing put a halt to the crime. The research noted that the most common methods of killing by parents were with “personal weapons,” such as choking, beating, or drowning. Caucasian men and women between the age of 20 to 30 middle and lower class parents are likely to commit filicide. Three sociological theories, conflict, structural functionalism and symbolic interaction explain the different aspects of the family institution and the problem of why these types of crime occur. Observation of the family, not just the infant may detect a problem before it turns into a criminal act.

The research design proposed by the authors is to statistically compare the relation between the dependent variable “violent crime” and four explanatory variables: a measure of “broken windows” policing (misdemeanor offenses), a measure of demographics (young male enrolled in high school), a measure of drug use (hospital discharges for cocaine-related episodes) and a measure of economy (unemployment). They use data of seventy-six precincts of New York City from 1989 to 1998, obtained from a variety of official secondary sources.

Over the course of the past fifty years there have been countless homicides across the entirety of the United States, all with their own purpose and methods of commission. While it is impossible to completely prevent homicides from happening in our current society by looking at the data as a whole and analyzing the various patterns and trends it follows we might be better able to explain and understand it. With understanding comes new ways of prevention and deterrence that should allow us to significantly decrease the rate of homicides in our nation for future generations to come. To demonstrate this, we will be looking at two datasets one of the National homicide rates of 1950-2010 and another dataset of homicide and Non-Negligent Manslaughter