Social Upheaval Of The 19th Century

During the early 19th century, especially before the American Revolution and after the War of 1812, American society changed greatly. It became a nation consisting of two distinct and very different regions: the North and the South. Both regions differ greatly in their economic, social, and political structure causing a drift between the two regions. The drift continues to widen into the 1800s until the disparities leads up to the start of the Civil War in 1861. It was a war that raged across the nation from 1861 to 1865 which became a violent conclusion to the decades of diverse ideas and culture between the two regions.

Social, economic, and political changes derived from the Market Revolution in America. This suggests the many changes for better or worse the United States experienced during 1800-1860. The first impact was economic growth from the many types of machinery utilized to produce a product and the increasing number of industries in the North. By implementing factories, brought workers with raw materials out of their homes and shops into centralized location causing rapid mass production utilizing capital machinery and concentrated energy as coal (Adams, 1982). Therefore, new forms of transportation resulted from the steam engine to provide adequate travel by river and railroads, i.e. train, then adding new roads and canals to the improvements allowed

The Black Codes were so brutal, that they even allowed authorities to send blacks to jail for minor infractions. However, while the Black Codes thrived, the South was experiencing large shifts that “would never be undone” (Source 1). The South became wealthier than ever before, electing its first African American representatives. Formerly enslaved people were able to open businesses, creating a “new wage-earning class of freed people and working whites” (Source 1).

2. What role did the family play in the socialization and control of children before the 1800s? Family served as a primary institution of social control. Many adults played a role in children’s socialization and control.

The role of African Americans changes in a positive way between 1860 and 1880. According to the illustrations of “A Georgia Plantation” April 1881 adapted in 2001 by McGraw Hill in “The American Record” (document 4) it shows a map of Barrow Plantation between 1860 and 1880, the differences are significant because the houses of tenant farmers who were former slaves of the Barrow family increased in a high number. The meaning of the images is that former slaves could become landlords. Also, this was just the start . Charles Dudley Warner with “The South Revisited”, 1887 (document 5), states “Instead of a South devoted to agriculture and politics, we find a South wide-awake to business… The South is manufacturing a great variety of things needed in the house, on the farm, and in the shops, for home consumption, and already sends to the North and West several manufactured products.” [...] “the more encouraging for the self-sustaining life of the Southern people is the multiplication of small industries in nearly every city I visited…”. According to what Charles Warner talked about, the economic change that had occurred in the South by 1887, literally went a big step forward the increase of more manufactured products and the amount of many new industries, everything

During 1880 to 1860, The United States of America went through social, political and economic changes, which affected the North and South in different ways.

The period from 1865 to 1921 in the United States marked an important era characterized by significant changes in race relations and diplomatic attempts. Minorities in the US, particularly African Americans, faced severe challenges in the years following the Civil War as they dealt with institutional racism, segregation, and the lingering effects of slavery. While the goal of the Reconstruction era was to grant freed slaves equal rights, it was tainted by opposition and the enforcement of laws that discriminated against them, such as the Jim Crow laws and the Black Codes. African Americans' access to social, political, and economic opportunities was severely restricted by these policies, which also served to maintain racial segregation and

The South still had a disliking for blacks and the South began to form Black Codes. Black codes were restrictions put on blacks in the South. “Black codes denied blacks the right to vote, the right to own guns, the right to serve on juries, and some even forced them to work on plantations if they did not have a job” (Radical Reconstruction. youtube.com). Black codes unfairly restricted the rights of African Americans and they were morally wrong. There was much variation of the Black Codes depending on which state of the South. Some states did not even allow blacks to own property. “The Black Codes partially reverted the South into slavery” (Radical Reconstruction. youtube.com). Once the government realized what was happening they decided that reconstruction had to be enforced. “Congress sent the military creating radical regimes throughout sectionalist states” (Sparknotes.com). At this time in history the south was divided into five military districts and there was a United States general put in place for each. There were many disobedient white Southerners

There were so many reforms that happened during the 1830s and 1840s; many of which made a great impact, some didn’t make any impact, and some had an impact that took place a great deal later. Below are just some of the movements that were believed, created and fought for:

The culture of the 1920s was unlike anything seen before. With newly found freedoms and booming industries, the 1920s were a time of prosperity where life was energetic and thriving. Evidence of this unique time in American history can be found in the artwork of the decade. The social changes of America in the 1920s are displayed in John Held’s magazine advertisement for Arrow shirts.

The end of the Civil War brought the United States of America into a period of change and reconstruction. Race relations between White Americans and African Americans were being formed and it was still unknown how the two groups would coexist in this new era. One major change, the black codes, came about as white society and southern states retaliated against the abolishment of slavery and the loss of their previous lifestyle. Although slaves had been set free and southerners no longer had the right to own human beings as property, the black codes were passed to suppress African American’s freedom and prevent them from prospering. These laws included the requirements for African Americans to observe a curfew, sign labor contracts and be

Propaganda was used in 3 main types of ways in the First World War. It

In the latter part of the 19th century the middle class began to increase in size; it consisted mainly of mestizos who were able to acquire some education. Eventually, as trade and industry grew, and especially after the nitrate market collapsed following Word War 1 (1914-1918), the tight control of the landowning aristocracy was loosened. New groups, among them traders, manufacturers, professional people, and intellectuals, began to swell the ranks of the middle class and to press for social reforms. In addition, by 1920 there was an organized and impatient working class that lacked the ingrained loyalty to the landlords that had developed in the tenant farmer class. All these groups demanded the attention of the government and began to promote

There were an array of reason for why it was near impossible to escape the fate of a life in the lower class. Crane argues that the environment one is raised in dictates the type of life he or she would have; and that life was not one which provided the proper tools or opportunities to escape. Stephan Thernstrom, history professor at Harvard University, outlines theses specific disadvantages which contributed to the lack of social mobility in 19th century America.

The eras of flux, doubt and social changes alter how society functions and is perceived. The sociological shifts transform the family structure, positionality and welfare benefits; affecting class boundaries, gender roles, and social identities (Mythe, 2004). This paper will contrast and compare the narrative views of two sociologists, the classical modernist James S. Coleman and the late modernist, Ulrich Beck on two significant society changes, ‘The Grand Transformation’ in the 18th century from the view of Coleman and Beck’s cosmopolitan change that has happened recently. Both changes shaped the society and brought new aspects and conditions of social changes and differentiated society based on location, occupation, positionality, accessibility, eligibility and power.