Social and Reproductive Monogamy in Vole Rats

Mate choice is a product of mate preferences form in the environment of evolutionary adaptiveness (EEA). Sexual selection suggests that females prefer males who they can gain benefits from such as gifts. This is shown in male birds who make nests for females in order to mate with them and also in insects who give nuptial gifts.

A key element in the life of any individual is to be able to reproduce. Nonhuman primates number only 250 species but display great diversity in grouping patterns. We call some of these types of groupings a one male polygyny or monogamy. However, the main focus today is that these primates have evolved different strategies, behavioral and ecological, to cop with the need to balance limited food supplies while avoiding predators with intensions of mating and or harming their offspring. It has been assumed that in order for male primates to reach mating success, they must have to take on the task of always being present to the female and her offspring’s. I believe that I will argue that monogamy and one male polygyny are different yet both

This essay aims to show a comparison between the differences between both female short-term mating strategies and female long-term mating strategies. It will explore the evolution of psychology that has shown reasons for human mating and how these reasons go above and beyond the general idea of physical attractiveness and love. This essay will identify how mate preferences have evolved and further identify psychological mechanisms that women have used to select their mates over the past. This essay will compare and critically discuss the differences and outline them between female short-term mating strategies and female long-term mating

Judson contributes to onefs understanding of sex among different organisms in that she makes difficult concepts simple to comprehend. Although she uses scientific terminology, she limits it so that anyone can understand the technical information she shares. Judson also describes the types of environments in which each species and

Sexual reproduction has caused monogamy in some species. In these species, it is essential for the father to help raise the young, but the father won’t help unless he believes that the

An example of the monogamous system is gibbons. Monogamous system consists of one male and one female join to rear at least a single brood. There is little opportunity to form relationship besides the one with the mate, so

Thus, her breeding span is limited (79). In contrast, for males, it is minimal. He simply must produce sperm cells and go through with an act of copulation, in effect, his reproductive capability is limited by the number of females he mates with (Contrary to popular belief, humans are not a monogamous species but a largely monogamous and partly polgynous species) (Gray 79& 83). In addition, males must play the aggressor role in relationships and are more attracted to physical stimuli (Kanin pg. 71). These all require that males recognize love much more quicker then females (Kanin pg. 71).

Dr. Tatiana’s Sex Advice to All Creation, written by Olivia Judson, mimics a Dear Abby column in a newspaper, in which her audience, ranges from a honeybee to spotted hyena, write-in and ask for help with their sex lives. She covers a slew of different sex topics, some more pleasant than others, such as incest, cannibalism, promiscuousness, and asexual reproduction. The book is truly a witty yet entertaining excursion of the natural history and the evolutionary biology of sex. Judson’s objective is to teach her audience about biology, specifically sexual biology.

Males and females differ considerably in how much they each invest in order to make offspring and a result of this, they approach mating with different methods. Researchers and scientists learn and examine these varying mating systems to explain how males and females pair up. A mating system explains the techniques males and females use to pair up when selecting a mate. It is important to begin by reviewing and understanding the reproductive strategies among primates. The major types of mating systems found in primates are monogamy and polygamy. Monogamy is a practice of mating in which one male pairs with one female. Polygamy also known as bisexual, is a pattern of mating in which a male mates with more than one female and a female mates with more than one male (Wong , 2010). Polygamy is then clarified into polygyny and polyandry. Polygyny is when one male mates with multiple females. Polyandry is when one female mates with multiple males. Recognizing the diversity of mating systems will help in understanding the interactive relationship of sexual size dimorphism and behavior in primates.

Ecological isolation. Individuals mate in their preferred habitat, and therefore do not meet individuals of other species with different ecological preferences.

The researchers used two different sexual experiences to generate two cohorts of male flies. The first cohort, rejected-isolated, was subjected to courtship conditioning; they experienced 1-hour sessions of sexual rejection by mated females, three times a day, for 4 days. Such conditioning suppresses future male courtship behavior, even toward receptive virgin females. The second cohort of mated-grouped flies experienced 6-hour sessions of mating with multiple receptive virgin females at a ratio of 1:5 for 4 days. Flies from each cohort were then tested in a two-choice preference assay, in which they deliberately choose to consume food with or without 15% ethanol supplementation.

Lukas & Clutton-Brock (2014) explain that the main evolutionary cause for monogamy, other than infanticide, was due to males not being able to defend and area large enough for more than one females. Their research explains that this behaviour is derived from an ancestral state in which males and females were living in undefined groups. (Lukas & Clutton-Brock, 2014). van Schaik & Dunbar (1990) also agree with this theory along with possible hypotheses for the evolution of monogamy. They also proposed that monogamy evolved because it was advantageous for females. The males would be vigilant against predators, and this would allow for females to spend more time caring for their

In this study researchers wanted to find out how rats social skills were affected when exposed less to their mother and liter mates at a young age. Researchers expected to find that the way the rats are raised preweaning will affect the adult’s gregariousness rather than what they need or want at that time in adulthood. To test this theory, they bred 76 rats and exposed them to 6 total different social environments. The independent variables in this experiment were the multiple social environments the rats were testing in which consisted of, separation daily from their mother and liter mates and isolation at weaning, separation from just their mother and isolation at weaning, constantly with their mother and liter mates and isolation at weaning,

Part of the evolutionary explanation is Trivers’ parental investment theory which argues that the origin of behavioural differences between men and women lies in the different ways of achieving reproductive success. Trivers

The first few chapters discuss in depth both the general rules for mate selection and the differences in mate selection and varying preferences for male and female genders. As explained in the intro the author theorizes that the current behavior of humans in relation to mating behavior can be linked to our evolutionary past. He references Charles Darwin 's theory of evolution and his idea of natural selection, which is the the process through which organisms adapt to their environment and in doing so tend to