Continuity and change The nature of Social and Cultural Research Methodologies | Examine the nature and characteristics of primary and secondary research | | Distinguish between quantitative and qualitative research | | Examine the characteristics of the following:-survey-case study-participant observation-content analysis-focus group-action research-interview-questionnaire-observation-ethnographic studystatistical analysis (data analysis) | Action Research- an informal, qualitative, interpretive, reflective and experimental methodology that requires all the participants to be collaborative researchers. Action research is carried out be people who usually recognize a problem or limitation in their workplace situation and, together, …show more content…
Individuals within societies need social continuities to a lesser or greater extent, depending on significant factors like age, gender, education, access to power, wealth, vested interest, etc. Even "rock-solid" institutions like the family, the law, and religions are subject to change, even though they represent social continuity. There has always been 'family' and it is still the foundational institution for society and the primary agent of socialisation, however the composition of 'family' has changed in recent years, leading to different kinds of families and different socialisation experiences for their members. The same ideas can be applied to law and religion.Social and cultural continuities can be likened to individuals' habits - comfortable patterns of behaviour that give individuals a sense of security and personal control - a haven or a respite in a sea of social and cultural change. There is a high correlation between the rate of social and cultural change and resistance to that change. In times when members of a society feel that change is 'out of control', it is likely that the desire for continuity becomes more extreme, resulting in backward-looking idealisations of the past.While social change is itself a continuity, certain periods of human history have created "great transformations" (Polanyi 1973). The
American culture has been referred to as a “melting pot.” Different cultures have added their own distinct aspects to society, making America a diverse country. Despite the plethora of cultures, certain norms, mores, and folkways are evident in American society. These ideas are vital to the function and stability of America. They provide guidelines for what is acceptable and not. In virtually every society, there are people who engage in deviant behavior and do not abide by the values that the rest of society follows. Theorists have debated if people are socialized into acting this way and if it is a social or personal problem. The sociological study of culture focuses on norms, mores, and folkways.
What is Culture and Identity? This assignment will analyse the different types of cultures in society, these cultures will include high culture, low culture and pop culture. This assignment will also look at different types of identities in relation to cultural norms and values, discuss the links between the media and leisure industries in relation to identity.
Action research is known of other terms which include participatory speech, collaborative inquiry, emancipatory research, action learning and contextual action research; however they differ in various contexts. In simple terms, action research can be defined as “Learning by doing”, a number of people identify a problem, ways to resolve it, assess their efforts, if they aren’t successful, and they give it a try.
Primarily deductive process used to test pre-specified concepts, constructs, and hypotheses that make up a theory
In order for a researcher to conduct an action research analysis several factors must be determined. The specific purpose for the research, the components, and stakeholders. My action research project is to address a specific problem my agency has with employee retention within the patrol division during the past three years. In conducting a critical mass analysis it is important to determine who has influence and can assist with making suggestions on changes or give necessary data. Stringer (2007) states, "action research is a systematic approach to investigation
Action Research – a researcher moves through the action research cycles consisting of planning, acting, observing and reflecting to advance knowledge and develop people as professionals (Zuber-Skerrit, 1993, p.1).
A introduction to research strategies in Sociology covering quantitative, subjective, essential and optional information and characterizing the fundamental sorts of research strategy including social reviews, tests, interviews, member perception, ethnography and longitudinal reviews.
Since their conception, comic books have exhibited significant influence on American culture, especially through characters and storylines developed during times of war. Although the ideologies have changed and shifted over time, it is no secret that the writers have a message they are attempting to convey, especially through mainstream superheroes. Andrew Bolton’s definition of a superhero is, “American utopianism as expressed in the Declaration of Independence and Constitution.” If we adhere to this definition, it is only practical that superheroes would play such a large part in the ideologies of the United States people while they are at war. I examine how comic book characters and
How does American society define one’s self-worth? By how they look, what they drive or simply what they buy? In today’s consumer centric American culture, our goods represent us as Americans as well as the American cultural identity that revolves around materialistic goods. In which a typical American works from 9am-5pm to earn a sufficient amounts of money to buy and display his self-worth through a variety of cleverly advertised goods. In which the advertisement depicts a perfect world that is free of pain, suffering, where the typical American can escape his routine life and experience ephemeral “freedom”. To this very purpose of freedom that our founding fathers wrote the constitution to which today’s conformities ideals and societal norms have suppressed.
This section of the article shall address the approach used in the case study, providing explanations of the preferred research method, sample details, variables under examination, data collection
In the article “Fluid and Shifting: Racialized, Gendered, and Sexual Identity in African American Children” by Denise Isom. Isom talks about how the researchers were studying African American Children, and racialized gender identity. There were several ways that the research was conducted they include: questionnaires, one-on-one interviews, and observation ethnography. The study was conducted from 2001-2002, in a “lower/ working class African American community near a large mid-western city” (Isom, 2012). The participants were children enrolled in a community based after-school program. To gain insight on early conceptions of one’s self and others as far as gender and race (focusing on how they intersect), children from grades five, six,
This is the most important factor influencing the choice of family planning among couples. This includes: community norms, religious belief and gender role.
Chapter 3 describes the origins of action research and the different methods, steps, and types of action research to use. The first point that really stood out to me was the explanation of action research attitude. Johnson and Christensen (2017) define this attitude when, "you take on the attitude of a practitioner and a researcher and you think about how you can improve your workplace, try new strategies, and determine the consequences" (p.58). As a teacher, the root of this attitude and mindset is something that I do on a daily basis. I am constantly trying to find ways to improve my classroom and the overall school itself. However, action research requires more than having this attitude, and utilizing research to work towards a solution is something that I have slowly started to utilize.
Mcniff J & Whitehead J All you need to know about action research. 2nd ed. London: Sage Publications; 2011.
‘Focuses on the social system as a whole and its functional requirements are normally that of structural sociology’ (Calhoun, C et al 2002) However Marxism a conflict theory of sociology takes exactly this focus when analysing how an individual creates an identity and relationship within society. Marxism as a Macro-theory of sociology focuses on ‘human agents as cogs in the machine of social forces’ (Calhoun, C et al 2002) who have little or no control over the development of their identities, because of the overpowering social superstructure which is dictating a social hierarchy of which they are forced to obey. This large scale view of society as over powering in the formation of one’s identity is not that taken by ‘Micro-sociologist who