Sociocultural Determinants

Those who may spend the vast majority of their week indoors but go to the beach on the weekends or outside on vacations are much more likely to develop a skin cancer than those who spend regular time outdoors. There are also risk factors that put some people at a higher risk for developing skin cancers, as well. These include:

Lower incomes, lower levels of education and employment, and poorer access to health services are among the social ...good health and wellbeing in rural and remote Australia determinants of poor health for people in rural and remote areas, who are also disadvantaged by a higher prevalence of common risk factors for health, such as higher rates of smoking, greater rates of disability and lower rates of physical activity.

The third factor that plays a major role in causing skin cancer is the Ozone layer. It helps protect people from ultraviolet radiation. However, the ozone layer is shrinking and this is due to man-made products like sprays and combustion of cars that are emitted in the atmosphere. This process is allowing more ultraviolet penetration to the earth thus increasing risk of skin cancer (Bair, 1991, P. 367,368). Ultraviolet radiation are the chief causes for skin cancer because the UV radiation

As a people, our rate of chronic disease is still 2.5 times higher than that of other Australians, and Indigenous people in this country die 15 to 20 years younger than those in mainstream Australia. More than half of

Aboriginal health standards are so low today that all most half aboriginal men and a third of the women die before they are 45. Aboriginal people can expect to live 20 years less than non-indigenous Australians. Aboriginals generally suffer from more health problem and are more likely to suffer from diabetes, liver disease and glaucoma. The causes of their poor health and low life expectancy are poverty, poor nutrition, poor housing, dispossession of their traditional land, low education level, high unemployment, drug and substance use, unsafe sex, limited health care and diseases.

Residents of rural and remote communities tend to experience poorer health outcomes than those in the metropolitan area (Humphreys & Walkerman, 2008). The fact that the high proportion of Indigenous Australians, which increases with remoteness, reflects the lag in Indigenous health outcomes (Humphreys & Walkerman, 2008).

The National Skin Cancer Awareness Program represents the new public health approach. This is because it has been created to prevent and reduce the incidence of skin cancer among teenagers and young adults. It takes into account the social determinants that influence a person’s health. For example, due to the sun’s very strong UV rays, Australia is a very hot country and

I think that there are multiple factors that are major contributing points to the fact that there is an increase in skin cancer among young adults. One of these factors is that teens are now so concerned with getting a great tan and being “darker” than their friends when they come back to school in the fall. This means that not only are the individuals exposed to the full effect of the sun earlier in life but

In fact, “People who have ever used a tanning bed have a sixty-seven percent increased risk of developing squamous cell carcinoma and a twenty-nine percent increased risk of developing basal cell carcinoma. People who first use a tanning bed before age thirty-five increase their risk of melanoma by seventy-five percent” (Silecchia). In the past, melanoma mostly affected people in their fifties or older, but today, dermatologists see patients in their twenties and even late teens with this type of cancer. Experts believe this is caused by an increase in radiation from the use of tanning beds. A sunburn or intense sun exposure may also increase a person's chances of developing this deadly cancer. Being in the sun is inevitable, but people can still protect their skin from many forms of skin cancer by doing the simplest things such as applying sunscreen.

United States. Skin cancer has been the most popular form of cancer that is growing especially since the invention of tanning beds. Sun exposure and radiation exposure increase the risk of skin cancer. The definition of cancer is abnormal cell growth or behavior. Studies have shown that sun and radiation exposure damage the cells in your body. Richard Wagman is the author of this article; he is a doctor who specializes in internal medicine. The publication is from The New Complete Medical and Health Encyclopedia, which is a book written by M.D. Richard

Living in a remote area has always been thought to have negative influences on the individual. There are 35 % of the total population in Australia living in rural area(Phillips, 2009).Rural areas in Australia and all over the world are not geographically isolated and disadvantaged only but also culturally and economically deprived which has great consequences on the health status of the population. The main two factors that have a major effect on rural health are socioeconomic status and cultural issues(Beard, Tomaska, Earnest, Summerhayes, & Morgan, 2009).

As stated in the 2015 report ‘The health and welfare of Australia’s Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people’, Indigenous Australians were twice as likely as non-Indigenous Australians to have severe or profound disability and their life expectancies were significantly lower in 2010-2012. The life expectancy was 69.1 years for Indigenous males, which is 10.6 years lower than for non-Indigenous males (79.7 years) and 73.7 years for Indigenous females, which is 9.5 years lower than for non-Indigenous females (83.1 years). In 2014, the leading causes of death for Aboriginals and Torres Strait Islanders were diseases of the circulatory system, cancer, diabetes, respiratory diseases, diseases of the liver, external causes, such as accidents and self harm, and infant mortality (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2016). Indigenous Australians and Torres Strait Islanders suffer from a disadvantage for many reasons, some of them being due to their historical legacy and generational transfer of disadvantage, apathy and persistent discrimination shown by non-Indigenous Australians and Government policies, lack of funding and lack of services. As a result of lack of services, such as schools and hospitals, many Indigenous Australians fail to understand the risk factors

While UVC is harmless as it is absorbed by the ozone layer, UVA and UVB damage DNA directly and are supposed to trigger cell death or apoptosis. Unfortunately, sometimes mutations or genetic defects occur that prevents apoptosis of damaged cells, triggering cell proliferation and the formation of malignant tumors. While UV rays from the sun are the primary cause of skin cancer, there are many other potential risk factors. Contracting HPV, smoking tobacco, and

Social determinants of health that effect the rates of cancer, prevention and treatment are housing, education, employment, access to justice and empowerment are directly linked to the catastrophic health outcomes Indigenous Australians face. The social determinants in Alice Springs and Central Australia is extreme. The extreme social

Younger mortality. As an example, Indigenous children aged 0–4 died at more than twice the rate of non-Indigenous children in 2012. Indigenous child death rates fell by 30% from 2001 to 2012 compared with 22% for non-Indigenous children. The largest gap in death rates between Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians was in circulatory disease deaths (22% of the gap) followed by endocrine, metabolic and nutritional disorders (particularly diabetes) (14% of the gap). (1)