Sociodemographic Factors

On the other hand, this research emphasizes how one’s family background and the surrounding neighborhood as specific contexts that impact individuals psychologically. In my opinion, higher SES families may live in wealthier communities that have better educational resources and environment. At this point, human development tend to be context specific instead of universal. As what we learned in class, poverty brings negative impacts to children, which is the biggest risk for parenting as well. More specifically, parents/caregivers bring direct influences to their children, and the neighborhood is one of the vital factors that impact children simultaneously. (Cole’s lecture, April & May 2017).

Regardless of social class most parents wish for their children to be happy, healthy, and successful; however, parents disagree on the best way to raise their children to be all of those things, which is when social class determines the parents’ child rearing method. Whether a child comes from a working class or middle class family affects the child’s development and socialization; and consequently the child’s future.

The impact of poverty on families can affect a child's growth and development. “Poverty and the Effects on parents and Children,” Nagel states, “Families in poverty, when parents are working, are influenced by the kind of occupations in which the parents work. Kohn has found that lower-class parents look at their children's behavior with a focus on its immediate consequences and its external characteristics, whereas middle-class parents explore their children's motives and the attitudes expressed by their behavior.” Growing up with negative and disciplinary parents, it can impact a child's moral and emotional growth through life. Children grow up by the examples and actions of their progenitor, and if they have meager parents then they may grow up to be just like them. “Another study conducted by the U.S. Department of Education found that for every year a child spends in poverty, there is the chance that the child will fall behind grade level by age 18.” Pupils that live in poverty that don't get

Capaldi and Pears studies show that abuse is found in low socioeconomical environments and also with relatively young parents (2001, pg 1442). Bensley says one process of intergenerational abuse is the normative beliefs regarding appropriate parenting behaviors, which she describes as believing that certain abusive behavior are normal ( Bensley, Ruggles, Simmons, Harris, Williams, Putvin, Allen, 2003, pg 1323). Which supports the idea that an abusive parent justifies abuse as a legitimate punishment ( Bensley, Ruggles, Simmons, Harris, Williams, Putvin, Allen, 2003, pg 1331). Graur identifies 3 different cause of child abuse and neglect, the first cause is called the “economic theory” which says economic depression or socioemotional difficulties cause rejection behaviors on the part of the parent (1996, p.55-56). The second cause is called the ecological theory which says any disorder affecting society will also affect the family (1996, p. 56). The third and final cause of neglect found by Graur is called the personality theory which states that traits such as low self esteem, sadness, and previous experiences affect the way a parent acts towards a child (1996, p.56). In the article titled Child abuse there are 4 main cause of child abuse identified, the first has to do with life history and personality meaning their own experiences as a

Moreover, another factor believed to contribute to child abuse is the widespread belief that it is completely appropriate to utilize physical punishment when disciplining children. The book claims that parents tend to cross the line between “appropriate” physical punishment and child abuse when they get angry and use physical punishment for discipline their children. Also, the book claims that they are various social factors that contribute to child abuse. These are lack of education, poverty, family problems, and unemployment. These factors all have the ability to cause individuals a great deal of stress. When stress builds up in an individual, an individual may be more likely to become physically aggressive towards their children whenever

Two factors correlating mental health and child development are abuse and neglect. All forms of abuse from physical, sexual, and emotional have a great impact on the consciousness of a child. Due to the damage abuse causes in their psychological development, children express themselves through their emotions and behavior (Mondal & Das, 2014). The physical aspect is the first thing that comes to mind when we come across the word abuse. It does not only stop at the visible scars and bruises, children can also be abused emotionally. Naturally, a child gravitates their biological mother, when the love and nurturing is absent and instead the void

The next mediating mechanism of childhood poverty affecting intellectual development is the mother’s involvement with her child. How a child is raised and parented is crucial to the human development at a young age, and is one of the main intervening factors between poor families and the ultimate outcome of the child. More completed models of childhood development in poverty include “mediators such as the amount and quality of time spent by parents with their children,” along with the other aspects of home-learning environments (Duncan, Brooks-Gunn, and Klebanov 309). Parents who live in poverty daily and for longer amounts of time often face lack of food, poor housing, unsafe neighborhoods, unemployment, discrimination, and poor health (Guo and Harris 433). When facing these hardships, impoverished parents suffer from more psychological issues than non-poor parents, which can lead to harsh discipline and low levels of support for the child. When a parent is not supportive or does not challenge a child to preform at a higher

Although having a disability itself is a risk factor for child maltreatment, there are several risk factors for this specific population of children that can also be identified, but there are only a few that can be potentially modified to reduce the risk of maltreatment among

Department of Health and Human Services confirmed over 754,000 cases of child maltreatment; nearly 18% were victims of physical maltreatment or child physical abuse (Tucker & Rodriguez, 2014). Stress is a major contributor to child physical cruelty possibility. Parent-child aggression can be characterized along with a selection, where physical discipline alternates at some point to become physically violent, contributing to the difficulty in unique physical discipline switches at some points to become physically abusive. Physical abuse often occurs within the environment of a parent administering physical discipline. The concept of child abuse potential includes beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors identified in abusive parents to estimate the likelihood that a parent will engage in physical discipline that becomes abusive. Family dysfunction alone has long been recognized as insufficient to lead to abuse. Abusive families are more likely to display an unstable and unpredictable family structure. Larger family size was associated with greater abuse

Maltreatment of Children With Disabilities is not a topic that is intensely covered in textbook, however it is a serious public health issue. Child maltreatment is a disturbing social problem in American culture. There are currently four categories of child maltreatment that include: physical abuse, sexual abuse, neglect, and emotional maltreatment. The term “disability” is used broadly and includes physical, mental, and emotional deficiencies. According to the textbook, results have shown that the rate of child maltreatment was

In recent years, there have been numerous studies and research evidence presented that expose the negative effects that early maltreatment and adversity, as well as poor parent-child attachments can have on children. The 2012 Children’s Bureau reported that an estimated 1,640 children died from maltreatment that year. Of that number, 70% experienced neglect and 44% experienced abuse (USDHHS, 2012). This maltreatment, according to the Modified Maltreatment Classification System, includes physical, sexual, and emotional abuse and neglect (English & Longscan Investigators, 1997). A majority of studies focus on the neurological, physiological, environmental and behavioral consequences, but few studies have examined the effect early adversity has

Every year, child abuse and neglect affect more than one million children nation-wide (Currie and Tekin 1). Along with this, child abuse is the source of severe injury to more than 500,000 children and the death of over 1,500 children (Currie and Tekin 1). These outrageously large numbers reveal the extent to which child abuse and neglect impact society; however, they do not acknowledge the effect abuse can have on a child’s life and the repercussions that may occur in both the individual’s childhood and adulthood. While the effects most certainly include physical pain and possibly future disabilities, child abuse and neglect can also affects the child’s psychological welfare. Psychological effects are often more difficult to recognize,

With child abuse and neglect being so prevalent globally, it is important to recognize why these types of maltreatment occur and is a relevant topic for all to explore. Many are interested in how child abuse and neglect affect the individuals who are victims as well as the use and efficacy of treatment procedures. Child abuse has serious physical and psycho-social consequences which adversely affect the health and overall well-being of a child. There are long-term consequences of experiencing these forms of maltreatment. Awareness and understanding needs to be brought to this devastatingly common crisis and the advancement of child abuse and neglect prevention needs to be encouraged.

Child abuse is a term impacted by copious multidimensional and interactive factors that relate to its origins and effects upon a child's developing capacities and which may act as a catalyst to broader, longer-term implications for adulthood. Such maltreatment may be of a sexual, physical, emotional or neglectful nature, each form holding a proportion of shared and abuse-specific psychological considerations (Mash & Wolfe, 2005). Certainly in terms of the effects / impairments of abuse, developmental factors have been identified across all classifications of child abuse, leading to a comparably greater risk of emotional / mental health problems in adult life within the general population

Economic circumstances has an influence on multiple areas that affect infant development. Income related difference in parenting appear early in the infants life; for instance, on average low income mothers are less affeffectionate, less responsive to infants’ distress signals, and they are more likely to have harsh parenting styles. Children from a low income have fewer stimulating experiences and learning materials than children from higher income households. This leads to apparent differences that during the first years and often last into adulthood. One of those differences are that the children from low income are more likely to have increased behavioral problems and lower cognitive scores. Furthermore, children from a high income family usually experience psychological stress because the parents pressure the child to overachieve. The financial situation can also affect if the infant is able to get the nutrition intake that is needed, and if the infant is unable to get the right nutrition that will lead to other areas of development being affected.Financial situations