Sociological Concepts In 'The Kite Runner'

The Kite Runner is the first novel of Afghan-American author Khaled Hosseini. It tells the story of Amir, a boy from Kabul, Afghanistan, whose closest friend is Hassan, a young Hazara servant. Novel turns around these two characters and Baba, Amir’s father, by telling their tragic stories, guilt and redemption that are woven throughout the novel. Even in the difficult moments, characters build up to their guilt and later on to their redemption. Their sins and faults alter the lives of innocent people. First, Amir and Baba fail to take action on the path to justice for Ali and Hassan. Moreover, Amir and Baba continue to build up their guilt due to their decisions and actions. Although Amir builds up more guilt than Baba throughout the novel, he eventually succeeds in the road to redemption unlike his father. After all, Amir and Baba have many chances to fix their atonements but Baba chooses not to and Amir does. Baba uses his wealth to cover up his sins but never atone himself while Amir decides to stand up and save Sohrab and finally finds peace. Amir and Baba’s reaction to sins essentially indicate their peace of mind and how they react to guilt and injustice.

Hosseini incorporation of cultural conventions and hierarchy introduces the complex relationship between Hassan and Amir. Hassan was a member of the Hazara caste; a historically socially, politically and economically oppressed group. In contrast, Amir was a Pashtun, a historically dominant, richer and overall higher caste. The conflict between Hazaras and Pashtuns stems from a difference in religious beliefs. The Hazaras were Shi’a Muslims, whereas Pashtuns were Sunni Muslims. Their conflict regarding the successor to Prophet Muhammed, translated into social, and economic oppression and persecution. “Throughout Afghan History, the Pashtuns [held] the highest influential rank above other ethnic groups, specifically the Hazaras”. Hosseini directly infuses this historical context into the text when Amir found a history book, wherein he learned that “…the Pashtuns…had persecuted and oppressed the

Hassan is a victim of discrimination, bigotry, and class structure in Afghan society. Hassan and Ali are members of the Hazaras, a minority group of Afghanis. Amir and his father are Pashtuns, the majority, who believes they are a better class than the Hazara. Religion was all that separated Amir and Hassan, as did tribe and class. Amir learned from his father that the Harara tribe to which Ali and Hassan belonged, were inferior people. Because of this bigotry and basic class structure, Hazaras are often victims of physical, emotional and psychological abuse. Thus when a crisis comes and Hassan is being attack, Amir not only doesn't come to Hassan's aid, but also allows him to be brutally abused. Morality lacks because of this class structure, which allows people to be treated as second-class citizens. Considerations towards morality and religion helps the reader to broaden there understanding of the novel and it would be impossible to appreciated the book lacking them.

The Kite Runner written by Khaled Hosseini is a novel with multitudes of themes but the theme most integral to the story concerns friendship, guilt, and redemption. This theme was most important to the novel because the conflict in the book is intertwined with this theme, following the life of a man haunted by regrets. The book is told from the perspective of Amir and this is something he deals with for the entirety of the book after the incident with Hassan. Amir, even as a middle-aged man, is still haunted by what he hadn’t done for Hassan all those years ago. Amir’s entire life takes a certain path because of what he did or didn’t do during and after Hassan’s assault. Amir’s decision affected not only himself, but also Hassan. Their lives forever changed. Amir and Hassan were each other’s best friends and they grew together like brothers, though they didn’t know at the time. Amir feels as though he broke the sacred bond they had and he decided to make it right by finding Sohrab. This is the last thing he can do for Hassan. He cannot tell him he is sorry anymore. He doesn’t have any other paths of redemption.

The novel Kite Runner by Khaled Hosseini is a story full of love, friendship, and brotherhood, however, on the other hand, it is also full of betrayal, lies, and secrets. Within all of these themes are two young Afghan boys, Amir and Hassan, who each have contrasting backgrounds which in turn causes them to ultimately have a unique relationship. Amir, on the one hand, has everything he could ever want as a young boy, but he doesn’t have the one thing that Hassan has, which is his father’s love. Amir is ultimately jealous of Hassan because of this, and his actions because of his jealousy changes both of their lives.

Amir has a conflicting relationship with Hassan not only because he is always in a position of servitude towards Amir, as a Hazara and as his station, but because of his breeding (when Amir thought his father was Ali.) However, Amir does not understand why his Baba still treats Hassan the way he

From brief observation, it may appear as though Hassan and Amir are the best of friends. However, as readers come across this quote from Amir’s point of view, they achieve a bit of insight on his deepest thoughts and feelings. According to Amir, history and ethnicity can break the bonds of their seemingly everlasting companionship. Amir is wrong to think this way and to follow in the footsteps of his flawed societal views. However, not all the blame can be placed on Amir, for his reasoning can be traced back to his father’s complicated relationship with the beloved family servant, an event that has clearly had a significant influence on him.

Amir and Hassan enjoy each other's company and spend their days playing together, but their friendship is one sided majority of the time. Hassan is constantly sacrificing himself to please Amir, yet Amir never expenses himself in Hassan’s favor until after Hassan’s passing. The relationship between Amir and Hassan is difficult by the fact that Hassan is a Hazara, which is a lesser status in Afghan society. Although Hassan is loyal and faithful, Amir is torn between his love for Hassan and his sense of shame at being friends with someone who his society views as below him. Amir is faced with a constant battle within himself to love Hassan as Hassan loves him.

They played almost every day outside and Amir always read to him. Hassan was a servant to Amir's family and was a Hazara, or Persian-speaking people who are a minority in Afghanistan. Amir never really considered Hassan as his friend, or so he thought when he was younger. The people of Kabul, Afghanistan didn't respect any Hazara. They found them as "poison" to the country.

The Kite Runner is a powerful book contrasting selfishness and selflessness. The book follows the life of Amir, a character who experiences guilt and tragedy throughout his life. While growing up in Kabul, Amir witnesses the imperfect and prejudice society in his country. Within an imperfect society, there are many who are self-invested, and among those, there are those who are selfless. Characters Amir and Hassan possess selfish and selfless traits. The traits that these characters possess are influenced by fear, victimization, and loyalty, ultimately leading them to inaction and action.

Their motivations seem to be disparate, but stem from similar sources. Hassan, born a Hazara and a servant, is both the member of a lower class, minority ethnic group that is discriminated against in the tightly structured society of Afghanistan. While Hassan and his father are beloved members of the household, they retain a certain position within it, which can be seen both in their status as servants and their “modest little mud hut” (Hosseini, 6) on Baba’s estate grounds. He is also marked by a harelip, which prompts the child’s mother to not even hold him in her arms in the days before she leaves the family and further distinguishes him as a target for bullying and contempt. All these outward differences between Amir and Hassan mean that a gap exists between them, however close they are, which prompts Hassan to spend his life

This is shown when Amir describes Hassan or other “normal people” in his life. Despite their ethnic differences, Amir and Hassan “fed from the same breasts”, took their “first steps on the same lawn”, and it’s learned later in the novel that they are half brothers (11). Countless hours of their childhood consisted of them playing pretend, flying kites, reading stories, and just talking with one another. This definitely falls in the parameters of friendship, but Amir “never thought of Hassan and [him] as friends” (25). In moments of chaos, Amir finds Hassan expendable in order to protect himself and his desires. When Hassan refused to give up a kite that Amir desperately wanted, Hassan was attacked and raped while Amir hid. Although Hassan was taking the beating for him, Amir thought that “he was just a Hazara” so there is no need to go out into harm’s way (77). This way of thinking can be traced back to the large majority of the people surrounding Amir viewed Hazaras as subhuman. Amir described a boy named Omar as “a pretty good guy” but refers to Hassan as “your hazara” and insults his “tight little eyes” (68). This perception of Omar being a good guy despite his degrading comments towards Hassan shows how much Pashtuns had influenced Amir. A Marxist, however, would say that Amir supported the dominant ideology thus keeping the bourgeoisie at the top.

Hassan’s inferior character is presented by the way he serves Amir, ‘While I ate and complained about homework, Hassan made my bed’, which implies that no matter how close they may be, Hassan remains the servant which he accepts and is content with, ‘I’d hear him singing to himself in the foyer as he ironed’. Also, Hassan addresses Amir as ‘Amir agha’ which highlights his respect to Amir. However, despite their divisions, when they are alone together they consider themselves equal, ‘”Amir and Hassan, the sultans of Kabul”’, creating irony as they are both aspiring the same hopes and dreams but we know that it is unattainable.

This was the event that changed Amir’s life forever. However, was Amir decision of not doing anything justifiable? Many readers would argue that it was not. However, looking at social classes, social structures, and beliefs could of have prevented Amir to take any action. Amir grew up knowing that Hazaras are lower class people with no privileges. Even their education system and Amir’s teacher despise the existence of Hazara. Only thing Amir knew about Hazaras was “That they were Mogul descendants, and that they looked a little like Chinese people. School textbooks barely

The story is based on the life and journey undertaken by Amir, the protagonist. Hosseini expresses essential ideas in his novel through the themes of redemption/atonement, the relationship between father and son and lastly, the theme of degradation/discrimination. The author expresses these themes through the setting and characterization. Hosseini presents characters from different social status in Afghanistan and how this affected their childhood. Amir despite coming from a privileged class had to work hard for his atonement by going back to Afghanistan to face his demons as well as to mend his relationship with his father who had rejected him since his birth. On the other hand, Hassan, from the minority class suffered because of his social status after he was abused and mistreated by those in power. The Kite Runner is a story about two boys who grew up in different worlds because of the presence of various social classes in