Sociology of Tourism - Pro Poor Tourism

Tourism is perceived as one of the leading industries in the world. “The World Travel and Tourism Council (2001) indicated that tourism creates more than ten percent of the global economic output and 1 in 10 jobs worldwide.”

Strategy is a set of complicated tactics formulated by the executives of a company directed towards the achievement of company’s goal (Salmela, 2002). It is about all the path ways that a company would follow to reach its ultimate goal. It is a company’s strategy which helps to identify what it does better than the other companies in the industries, which may be different from what it does best. For successful strategy formulation and implementation, a company should know the needs of customers and should have knowledge of its competitors. Through a good strategy a company would identify that opportunity which makes it different from the others (Thompson, 2005).

Several studies have investigated the perception of the local community on the tourism impacts and tourism development. The research by Ramkissoon and Nunkoo (2011) in Port Louis showed that favorable attitude toward the tourism industry was found to support for tourism development, with higher insights of positive tourism impacts, this means that the community shows higher support for the industry. Nejati, Mohamed & Omar (2014) found that locals in Perhentian Island have an ominously greater level of outlook towards the positive economic impacts of tourism than residents in Redang Island after comparing the two islands in Malaysia. Aside from the perceived negative environmental impacts of tourism, locals on both islands

Forms of tourism can be discussed in terms of the displacement of persons within certain conditions. These trips always take the visitors outside their usual environment, but might take them also outside their country of residence into another economy. Forms of tourism can also be discussed in terms of the different types of tourism in a particular country, i.e. ecotourism, sports tourism, health tourism, etc.

When a business forms a strategy they are producing a large scale plan with plans to achieve one or more goals set by the business. The factors that affect the plan, in both negative and positive ways, are uncertain. So when making a strategic plan a business will have to take into account all factors and plan for them. Strategy is imperative for a business as not only does it give them a sense of direction and some goals to achieve, but also resources are usually limited so you have to a strategy will help to guide the business and make the best use of the resources that they have. Strategy give the business direction, it helps them to see whether they are over achieving/under achieving and meeting the goals they have set themselves. If a

Goeldner and Ritchie (1995) define tourism as a short term movement of people to places other than their normal place of residence and work, including the activities of persons travelling to and staying in locations outside their places of residence and work for not more than twelve months for the purpose of: leisure (recreation, vacation, health, study, religion and sport); and business family, mission and meetings.

Strategy is about which product or services should be produced and offered to which markets and which the customer needs and wants are met whilst achieving the objectives of the organization while making a profit – how each business aim to achieve its mission within its selected area of activity.

More than 1 billion people in the world today live in unacceptable conditions of poverty, mostly in the developing countries. More than eighty percent of the world’s population live in countries where income differentials are widening. Poverty is affecting not only that person but the ones who ignore the problems. The level of poverty is generally defined as an inability to obtain a minimum standard of living. Poverty is a complex, multi-dimensional problem, which includes political and economic elements. Numerous governments and companies offer a wide variety of assistance programs for those who live in poverty or have a low income. Policies, develop strategies and revised laws are slowly improving

Tourism & hospitality is one of the world’s rapidly growing industries as income is generated through the expenditure of goods & services required by tourists. The tourist is therefore very important to the wellbeing of many countries.

A strategy is a “game plan” that distinguishes the company from its competitors, so that it can attract customers and succeed.

Strategy refers to a course of action that is adopted by an organisation in order to achieve its set goals and objectives. According to Mintzberg and Water (1985) strategy can either be deliberate or emergent depending on whether the course of action taken by the organisation is articulated and communicated to the whole organisation or whether the course of action was not explicitly intended. Mintzberg categorizes Strategy as a deliberate, rational and sequential planning process if the course of action is well thought prior to implementation, articulated, communicated to members of the organisation, and a clear plan of action is established. However, it is worth

Tourism define as “visitors who visit the different place or country from their usual environment less than a year for any reason such as business meeting, holidays, education tour, sports tour are known as tourism” (UNWTO, 2010).

Strategy is all about planning the next moves, making decisions - how and where to move forward from the current position. In the past, strategy was associated mainly with the military sector, the top chiefs of command were making tactical choices in order to defeat their rivals and achieve victory. In the business sector the purpose of strategy is in principle the same, planning and building a road or path that will lead us to where ever it is we want to be in the future and to overcome all obstacles that might lay on the way. However, there is a difference between those two sectors, soldiers need only to follow orders without seeing or understanding the big picture, while in the

However according to United Nations World tourism organization 2008, Tourism was defined as a social, cultural and an economic phenomenon wgich entails the movement of people to countries or places outside their usual environment for personal or business/professional purposes.

A strategy is a pattern or plan that integrates an organization’s major goals, policies, and action sequences into a cohesive whole.