Soft Science

We discover scientific knowledge in various natural science fields such as biology or chemistry. A common misconception about the natural sciences is that both the knowledge they reveal to us and the scientific method used in discovering this are purely analytical. This means that these sciences are rigid in facts and do not contain any subjectivity or creativity. However, the scientific method is not a rigid system of pursuing measurable facts. It contains fallacies and biases. In testing hypotheses, performing observations, or reasoning inductively, science is undoubtedly flawed and erroneous. Paradigms, commonly seen as infallible and containing rather insignificant errors, contribute to many of the errors involved in scientific

A special research field in the mediation literature intends to shed light on the question, how influential the impact of mediator’s characteristics and motivations on the mediation process is. Concerning the state of research, the studies of this debate show a divergent picture. There are scientists who have queried the significance of mediator’s impartiality (Bercovitch/Houston 1996; Kydd 2003, Touval 1982; Zartmann/Touval 1996). Scholars like Saadia Touval have underpinned that mediators are often biased and can perform their tasks just as well if not better as impartial mediators. Additionally, Touval and Zartmann stated in their study that mediation is an exercise in power politics: “leverage is the ticket to mediation” (Touval/Zartmann 1989: 129). In 2003, Kydd finds that mediators use their leverage to one of the two conflicting parties and therefore constraint concessions. Thus, the mediator must be biased to be effective. This means that merely a mediator who is biased towards one side can credibility tell them that the opponent will not make peace without the concession. Carnevale and Arad (1996) also remarked the importance of bias. Nevertheless, they suggest that impartiality should not be underestimated and therefore be taken in to consideration.

I have always been interested in science, but the hands on experiments have helped me understand and grasp concepts much easier. I recall my first experiment in first grade when the class was given the lima bean sprout experiment, which required students to plant a bean in a paper cup. The purpose of this experiment was to teach us about photosynthesis and practice our observation skills. I recall how others were fascinated about why their sprout grew. I, on the other hand, was more captivated by why the other sprouts did not grow and the factors, which contributed to that outcome. This basic experiment taught me to look at things through different lenses and not always to the most obvious path.

1. Decide if the mineral is metallic or non-metallic based on its luster and streak.

“A mediator is a third party who assists interested parties in negotiating a conflict. A mediator controls the mediation process but does not have authority to decide the outcome for the parties” (Barsky, 2007). A mediator, in a given situation, helps to dissolve the conflict and looks to the best interest

Fells (2016, p. 211) wrote “ just as a doctor works to bring a person back to health, so too a mediator works to bring a deadlocked negotiation back to a situation where the parties can reach agreement”. This essay discusses this statement with reference to contemporary research on dispute resolution. In order to comprehend how this is achieved, we must consider the essence of mediation, the different types of mediation and what mediators do. Negotiation and mediation are process used to resolve opposing preferences between parties. Negotiation is defined in Fells (2016, p. 3) as “a process by which two parties with differences that they need to resolve try to reach agreement through

The business letter form that the text says imparts a feeling of directness without a strong personal touch is the ________________ form.

By going through the process of reviewing the literature I was educated on how scientist practitioners apply research to the field of practice. Once armed with the research I was able to implement interventions that I believed to work and used the research to show our accrediting agency so that I was able to use my own interventions in my

The direct relationship has become more insignificant with the addition of the mediator variables. Although the researchers saw an almost significant relationship, the mediators indirect path looks significant and the direct path looks insignificant. If we can show that a mediator variable significantly explains a direct path, and a direct path becomes more significant, it fully explains why more condition (X) leads to (Y). The matrix originally determined the direct relationship being equal to P=0.0766, but with the mediators, the direct relationship has a P-value of 0.3211.

Research with Dr. Smith on neurodegenerative diseases further stimulated my curiosity. Equally satisfying is my investigation with Dr. Jones of the relevance of endogenous opiates to drug therapies for schizophrenia, Alzheimer’s dementia, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s chorea, and drug abuse. I love research. Looking at the results of an experiment for the first time and knowing that my data, this newly found piece of information, is furthering our knowledge in a small area of science is an indescribable experience. I have so enjoyed it that I am currently enrolled in two Departmental Honors programs, both requiring an Honors Thesis. I will graduate next year with two majors — Neuroscience and Biological Sciences. While I want to incorporate research into my career, after meeting Paul I realized that the lab’s distant analytical approach wouldn’t help me show compassion to my patients. Even worse, it could contribute to the emotional neglect I found so repulsive.

Another critical tactic that mediators should possess is curiosity to see the crack and reach down to the roots of the conflict that they are assigned to. In Hamilton Broadway, Hamilton’s prayer to God can be a good example to learn from in the mediation process. He says, “And when my prayers to God were met with indifference, I picked up a pen, I wrote my own deliverance” (Alexander Hamilton). Just as Hamilton felt lost when his prayers were not answered, the parties in meditation could get frustrated by the indifference of their mediator. Mediators should develop a high level of curiosity to gain the parties’ trust that he is capable of helping them solve their conflict. It is important for the mediator not to give the parties his or her

Part of being a scientist consists of the desire to uncover these answers and sort out the questions. It requires a specific worldview that relies almost wholly on the senses and repetition for truth and certainty.

At the start of the semester I developed personal goals through Bloom’s revised taxonomy outlined by Bastable (2014). My first goal addressed the cognitive domain stating: At the completion of this course I will be able to assess practices within my clinical area in relation to evidence based practice. This goal was met as the spirit of inquiry has become lit within my practice. Each practice within my unit I view with a new light and a questioning attitude. Through research analysis I am able to find current research and evaluate the limitations of the study and determine if it can be generalized to my patient population.

David in his facilitative approach assisted the disputants explained the root of their interests and helped them progressed and selected their resolutions that responded to their interests. The mediator helped the parties to find created opportunities to educate and change themselves. David as facilitative broad mediator used following strategies in the Foster Fuel

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