Software Testing and Quality Assurance Theory and Practice

Static testing is performed in the first phase of a software project. It begins the moment requirement documents are prepared so as to improve software quality by detecting the errors in the early stage of development. During the requirement phase, by detecting the maximum number of errors, one can save the time and cost of

Test Plan: The software is tested using two levels of testing viz. black box testing and white box testing. White box testing could be carried out in three different phases viz. unit testing system/integration testing and validation testing. • Unit Testing: Unit testing, also known as Module Testing, focuses verification efforts on the module. The module is tested separately and this is carried out at the programming stage itself.Unit Test comprises of the set of tests performed by an individual programmer before integration of the unit into the system. Unit test focuses on the smallest unit of software design- the software component or module. Using component level design, important control paths are tested to uncover errors within the boundary of the module. Unit test is white box oriented and the step can be conducted in parallel for

White box testing approach is used to ensure the quality of the components in the web application. This is essentially done by the developers who have implemented the requirements and have knowledge of the functionality. In addition, during the iterative development the business analysts who have written the business use case are also involved in this white box testing when the component is fully implemented. This quality control process eventually leads to assurance of quality. The QA process also verifies all documents are available in the project repository. This includes the versioned project plan, weekly bug lists i.e. open and closed bugs, enhancement request that need to go through

Software engineering comprehends several disciplines devoted to avert and remedy malfunctions and to warrant adequate behavior. Testing, the subject of this paper, is a widespread validation approach in industry, but it is still largely ad hoc, expensive, and impulsively effective. Indeed, software testing is a broad term including a diversity of activities along the development cycle and beyond, targeted at diverse objectives. Therefore,

The objective of software testing technique is to expose failures. Testers prioritize inputs based on the acquired quality attribute, e.g., correctness, robustness, reliability, security. When high reliability is to be achieved, tester wishes to sample those failure-causing inputs that have the largest impact on failure probability. This is the procedure followed by techniques based on the expected operational profile to derive tests. Testing software pose many practical challenges for assessing or improving reliability. General Operational testing is a fundamental strategy that simulates the real usage of the system in order to expose failures with the highest occurrence probability. Testing relied on operational profile estimation, known as operational testing, is considered as the natural approach to test software for reliability assessment or improvement.

The tests and the procedure by which testing is performed and results reviewed and addressed, must ensure that the system is compliant with business rules, meets the users ' expectations, and performs as expected in the actual business environment. [28]

The design of software tests is mostly based on the testers’ expertise, while test automation tools are limited to execution of pre-planned tests only. Evaluation of test outputs is also associated with a considerable effort by human testers who often have imperfect knowledge of the requirements specification.

the short run in this concept all the quantities of input can be varied. There are eight case studies

In general, the testers encounter the problem of removing the logical errors and bugs. The test conditions which are decided in the analysis phase are applied to the system and if the output obtained is equal to the intended output, it means that the software is ready to be provided to the user.

The main purpose of testing is identifying the errors in a project. It is the process used to identify the quality, security, completeness and correctness of developed software. Testing is a process of technical investigation, performed on behalf of stakeholders, that is intended to check whether the particular software reaches the stakeholders(clients) expectations or not..

Over the period of time, software testing has become more difficult because of the large number of operating systems, programming languages and hardware platforms that have evolved during the intervening decades. Software is enveloping, which raises the value of testing it. Today’s concept of computer is much more difficult to define due to the machines being more powerful and compact than the earlier devices. Almost every device that we use today contains software. They affect more people and businesses now than ever before.

Note: This is a sample test plan created on real time software testing live project – for training conducted by softwaretestinghelp.com on following page:

Once the product is developed, testing should be performed on the system against the product requirements. The objective of the testing is to find defects within the system and confirm whether the system operates as expected. Testers will use test scripts, which were designed in the previous development stage, to execute the test. If defects are identified, the developers should work to resolve them prior to the software being implemented.

Software testing provides an objective, independent view of the software which allows understanding the risks of software implementation. Various testing techniques are available for different kinds of software available in the field. These techniques include the process of executing a program or application with the aim of finding software bugs. Evaluation of the testing strategies is important in order to achieve the progress in testing. Automatically generated test cases are usually evaluated in terms of their fault finding capability. It is

Software reliability is dynamic & stochastic. Unlike hardware, software does not age, wear out or rust, unreliability of software is mainly due to bugs or design faults in the software. The exact value of product reliability is never precisely known at any point in its lifetime. The study of software reliability can be categorized into three parts: Modeling, Measurement & improvement. Many Models exist, but no single model can capture a necessary amount of software characteristics. Software reliability improvement is necessary & hard to achieve. It can be improved by sufficient understanding of software reliability, characteristics of software & sound software design. Software Reliability is the most important and most measurable aspect