Soil Erosion And Vegetation Erosion

A smooth mountain rock surface enhances runoff because it is freeway passage without any chance of retaining any sediments. Other rough rock surfaces alternatively hinder runoff by retaining materials thus less runoff.

The environment will cause a lot of erosion when a large region remains bare for such a long time.

Erosion is a process where natural forces like water, wind, ice, and gravity wear away rocks and soil. Erosion occurs at the Earth’s surface, and has no effect on the Earth’s mantle and core. Water erosion is the removal of soil particles by heavy rainfall or running water. “While the causes of erosion by water are generally natural, water erosion is usually caused by rainfall and runoff on a slope” (GEI Works Erosion Pollution). “The process of water erosion usually occurs on stream and river banks, sea shores and seaside cliffs” (Reference.com).

There are coarsening-upward sequences preserved, with flooding surfaces represented by low-relief erosional contact of trough-cross-stratification (runnel) upon low-angle planar bedding (swash zone).

* The sand dunes on the beaches. This area is affected by wind erosion as well as the tides if adequate vegetative cover is not present. The main type of erosion, from the sea, takes the sand from the sand dunes as well as the rest of the beach in a rip. The sand is then pulled out to sea where it forms a sand bar. On calmer days, the sand is brought back to the beach.

Environments where sediments are elated and deposited quickly are high energy environments like ocean shores, or rushing rivers. Eco systems where small particles of sediments are often deposited in low energy areas. This is found in regions where there are deep lakes or swamps. Landforms shaped by erosion are tall, jagged structures with grazes in layers of rock and landforms produced by deposition are flat and low lying. Landforms created by deposition are alluvial fans, sandbars, moraines, eskers, and deserts. While landforms created by erosion are mountains, valleys, hoodoos, sea arches, sea caves, plains, sea cliff and

Erosion is mainly caused by two main natural forces: water and wind. In Southwest Louisiana, erosion by water is one of the main issues we have as a coastal state. There are different factors that must be considered when looking at water erosion

Soil erosion threatens soil fertility due to nutrient and organic matter loss, while also decreasing water quality through increased turbidity (umich.edu). During the last dust bowl in the 1930's more than 30 million hectares were severely damaged in parts of Texas, Kansas, Oklahoma, and Colorado (umich.edu). The Dust Bowl was primarily caused by the two factors of: 1) loss of long rooted grasses due to the plowing of the prairies and 2) a period of relative drought (umich.edu).

The tiny pieces of rocks broken off by weathering are called sediment or alluvium. Erosion is the process of transportation of this sediment which on sea cliffs sediments becomes part of the seafloor and is washed away with the waves. The larger rocks that are broken off by sediment as shown in this picture are called scree or talus; scree builds up at the bottom of cliffs as the rocks tumble down, these piles are called scree slopes or talus piles.

This newly exposed rock already had small cracks - weathering and erosion took full advantage of these. Water would creep in and the freeze - thus expanding. This expansion would create more cracks. Wind and water eroded by carrying away particles from cracks like these, as well as from the surface of the rock and any other nooks. Not only did water wash particles away - it also softened the rock which made erosion easier.

Within the state of New York, landslides are classified as the downward movement of a slope and materials under the force of gravity (New York State Hazard Mitigation Plan, 2008). This definition also includes: a wide range of ground movement, such as rock falls, deep slope failure, shallow debris flows, natural rock, soil or artificial fill (New York State Hazard Mitigation Plan, 2008). Depending on the size and location of the landslide, landslides can be dangerous (Hyndman and Hyndman 2014). There are three mechanisms that initiate landslides. One mechanism is too much water. When water is added to a slope, soil becomes saturated and pore water pressure increases causing a slope to slide. A second mechanism is cutting the toe and oversteepening of the base. Removal or addition of material at the bottom of a landslide increases steepness of a slope. A steeper slope is less stable, increasing the likeliness of a landslide to occur. The third mechanism is adding material to the top of a slope, this also helps creates steeper

EOur Changing World Erosion changes the landscape of the earth. Erosion occurs in many different ways,through water,wind,and glacial rocks. Although,erosion can change the landscape of the earth,it has created many awesome landmarks. Erosion changes the landscape of the earth on a daily basis,Arches National Park was created by wind and water,The Grand Canyon was created by water. Yosemite National Park was made by glacial rocks,to name a few of the coolest landmarks.

Erosion removes the surface soils, containing most of the organic matter, plant nutrients, and fine soil particles, which help to retain water and nutrients in the root zone where they are available to plants. Thus it affects the productivity of plants. The remaining, the subsoil, tends to be less fertile, less absorbent and less able to retain pesticides, fertilizers, and other plant nutrients. There are over 17,000 soil types recognized worldwide. They vary widely in structure, erodibility, fertility, and ability to produce crops. A generalized soil profile for a humid, temperate climate is showed. When the natural vegetation is cleared for agriculture, soils become exposed to erosion and loss of soil fertility. The removal of the above-ground natural

Significantly, desertification also cause soil erosion, which means soil surface is worn by wind and water. Desertification makes soil easy to erode by water or wind, as soil is exposed and soil structure is instable without forest. LaI R(2003) says that ““Land area globally affected by erosion is 1094 million ha (Mha) by water erosion, of which 751 Mha is severely affected, and 549 Mha by wind erosion, of which 296 Mha is severely affected.” To control soil erosion, an obvious way is virescence, enlarging forest cover, which can protect the soil far from exposing to strong wind. Also, the roots of plants under ground play a role as a framework, as they are obstructions to soil movement,

The stresses set up in the soil cause deformation of the soil, which occur in three ways: