Soil Salinity

Mangroves are halophyte plants that are physiologically amended to survive in habitat containing high concentration of salt in the soil water even though salt is not a physical requirement for growth; hence they are facultative halophytes (Dictionary, 2015). Mangroves at Nudgee Beach have developed three special mechanisms to manage the excess salt levels in their environment due to the disability of enzymes function at high salt concentration. Each species of mangroves are able to either: exclude (prevent salt entering), extrude (take salt out) or accumulate large amounts sodium chloride, enabling them to survive in their ecosystem (University of Sydney, 2015). Some species of mangrove have more than one of the above characteristics. The process

The land is uplifted crust blocks that form parallel ranges but surface water doesn’t run to the ocean. Instead, it evaporates over time leaving a salt flat.

Soil, which is the layer of earth on the top where plants and vegetation grow, contains a pH balance, everything does. The pH, acidity, or alkalinity balance of each type of soil that is being observed can affect the plants, because it determines how many nutrients are being deposited to them. It

If saltwater is applied to a plant, the plant would shrivel up and die. This is a result of the water moving out of the cells in order to try to balance the concentration of solute compared to inside the cell. The water movement out of the cell would cause the cell to shrink and the lack of water would eventually cause the plant to die.

When salinity increases, warning signs appear in the landscapes of the affected areas. These warning signs include things like sick and/or dying trees, declining vegetation, colonisation of tolerant weed-like plants, bare patches where vegetation has died and saline pools in creek beds. These show that the ecosystem is being affected and at a high rate.

The water in urban wellfields is contaminated with saltwater since the water flow had changed direction. The water also contains high levels of nutrients (particularly phosphorous) because of runoff from the developed areas.

Depletion of ground water may lead to land compaction that in turn decreases its ability to store water.

Saltation is a geological term used to explain how a stream current transports and erodes a rock. The rock starts out as a sharp, coarse edged fragment on a stream bed. The current then lifts the rock from the stream bed and transports it down stream. The current, which rotates and spins the rock, slowly smoothes its edges. In saltation, a counter current or other events causes the rock to slam against the stream-bed and grind its ruff edges into a smooth exterior. Eventually after it is lifted off the bed, the current adds the finishing touch. A rock which travels in a stream will always be eroded into a smooth sphere, but a rock that undergoes the process of saltation will always be more quickly eroded.

The Effect of Salt on Radish Seed Growth along the Nelson River in Ensi county, Indiana.

On the one hand, there is the effect of water content in the soil: due to its ability to store

According to a recent report released by NASA, parts of central California are sinking due to excessive groundwater pumping for agricultural use. This sinking, or “subsidence,” is nothing new, but the recent acceleration is a result of California’s current drought: farmers are forced to rely on groundwater to water their crops, because the rain that has been falling is insufficient. Unfortunately, the water table has sunk so much that the land is sinking with it, and Tom Farr—a NASA researcher and co-author of the report—says that if the fine underground layers of soil and rock that used to contain water are compressed too far, they will lose their ability to retain water at all. The uneven nature of the subsidence also means that the surface

Due to chloride’s density, the salt settles sinks and settles into the bottom of a waterbody. This chemical is toxic to aquatic life and can affect the taste of drinking water. Additionally, sodium also has negative effects, “altering the soil by replacing and releasing nutrients such as calcium magnesium, and potassium into the groundwater and the surface water.” This can also be harmful to aquatic life as the increase in nutrients will affect water’s ability to get rid of acid deposition. The addition of sodium in drinking water may be harmful to humans who follow a salt-restive diet. Additives to road salt, such as ferrocyanide, also have an impact on the environment and health of organisms that associate themselves with the contaminated

Wetland soils are extremely varied. They are found from the tropics to the subarctic. They can be seasonal or year-round, freshwater or saltwater, organic or mineral. The one thing that all of them have in common is that for at least part of the year they are saturated with water. This saturation has a significant impact on the soil's physics, chemistry, and biota. However, over the past century more than half of all the wetlands in the United States has been drained for agriculture and other uses such as construction. When the soils are drained the physics, chemistry, and biota are drastically changed. This paper is an attempt to

Natural causes leading to dissertation have been ongoing for the last few thousand years. That is to say, since the start of the world. As Brady, Nyle C., and Ray R. Weil. state in their book Elements of the Nature and Properties of Soils “Water deficiency is a major characteristic of these (arid) soils.” Soils without consistent water and the ability to store water require excessive care. Other natural causes are wild animal overpopulation or underpopulation, bare land, forest fires and natural disasters. While these many causes may seem overwhelming to correct there is much hope for arid lands.

The plants that grow in saline soils have diverse ionic compositions and a range in concentrations of dissolved salts (Volkmar et al., 1998). These concentrations fluctuate because of changes in water source, drainage, evapo-transpiration, and solute availability (Volkmar et al., 1998). Due to these varying conditions, plant growth depends on a supply of inorganic nutrients, and this level of nutrients varies in time and space (Maathius and Amtmann, 1999). Either extreme condition concerning nutrients results in deficiency or toxicity in plants, and this is demonstrated by salt tolerance (Maathius and Amtmann, 1999). These conditions vary according to the plant species and growth conditions. Little is known about the genetic basis for diversity of salt tolerance in plants, and this could be partly explained through the definitions given for salinity.