Solar Photo Catalysis By Solar Photo Concentration

Different procedures were used to isolate benzil from the ether layer and benzoic acid from the aqueous layers. To isolate benzil, anhydrous MgSO4 was added to the flask containing the ether layer solution. MgSO4 removes the remaining water in the ether layer solution. After making sure that enough amount of MgSO4 present in the solution, the ether solution was filtered by using gravity filtration. During filtration, MgSO4 was removed from the solution and the ether solution was collected in 25 ml flask. To separate benzil from the filtered ether solution, the beaker containing the ether solution was heated until the ether evaporated. After letting the beaker to cool to room temperature, the mass of the beaker with the benzil crystals was measured. From the combined mass of the beaker and the benzil crystals and from the predetermined mass of the beaker, the mass of the collected crystals was calculated to be 0.266 gram.

There are millions of different organic compounds. Most of them are found in mixtures and in order to achieve a pure form they need to be separated, isolated, and purified. However, there are endless numbers of possible mixtures, which make it impossible to have a pre-designed procedure for every mixture. So chemists often have to make their own procedures. The purpose of this experiment was to prepare the student to the real world by them designing their own procedure which will help them understand the techniques of separation and purification better. The goal was to extract two of the components of the

Conduct studies on food, air, water and soil to determine how they are altered when coming into contact with medicines, garden chemicals and industrial chemicals

Many surveys and studies confirm the presence of pharmaceuticals in municipal wastewater and effluents, reports WHO. However, according to WHO, studies in the US have detected very low levels

Generally treatment processes are classified as physical, chemical or biological. Physical treatment process includes physical extraction of dyes by adsorption [8], membrane filtration [9] and ion-exchange. However, extracted dyes not be recovered, high cost and yet requirement of another process to degrade dyes makes these processes unsustainable. Chemical methods as Chemical Oxidation [10], Ozonization [11] and Electrochemical degradations are uneconomical and unfavorable for the environment. Biological methods are based on anaerobiotic or aerobiotic, microbial culture. But purely anaerobic digestion of azo-dye produces carcinogenic aromatic amine and aerobic deterioration alone is not able to degrade all dyes, also result in high amounts of sludge [12-14]. Sequential application of anaerobic followed by aerobic degradation has been providing a solution with the advantage of economic, reliable and ecological benefits [15,16].

Introduction Thin-layer chromatography, also known as TLC, is a principle that describes how various compounds travel multiple distances when placed as a thin layer on a plate. TLC is a technique that can be used to determine how many components are in a mixture. TLC can also be used to determine a specific compound in a mixture. After performing TLC, the retention factor (Rf) can be used to determine a specific compound in a mixture. The retention factor (Rf) is During TLC, there is a step called elution.

Michael Puccini EP has been professionally investigating and researching indoor air quality and water quality issues for over twenty-five years. In his profession, he has been awarded the ECO Canada Environmental Professional (EP) Certificate which is a formal recognition of the national standard of excellence in environmental work. Experiences includes over ten years conducting chemical analysis in the laboratory and in the field on many of the toxins that are discussed in this book. As a formal water quality analyst, he has diverse experience related to aesthetic and health related problems associated with small and large domestic water treatment/distribution/storage systems. Furthermore his analytical knowledge has been a primary

Barman did a study on the first-order rate constant and half-life values for the degradation of MIT (Kathon 886 MW) and a MIT/CMIT (Kathon MWC) Mixture. These consist of 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one and its chlorinated counterpart, 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one. At 100-fold more effective, the chlorinated counterpart is considered to be the active and require concentrations 100-fold less than MIT. In fact, at very low concentrations of just 2-20 ppm

gaseous phase than on particles or in water; The presence of organic compounds in water or in

In experiment 2, we used liquid-liquid extraction to separate a mixture using two immiscible solvents. We made use of extraction, back extraction, neutralization, and melting point technique to figure out the identity of the acid, base and neutral from the combined unknown mixture. There were a couple things that we had to pay close attention to. For example, identifying the organic and aqueous layer as liquid-liquid extraction is usually used to separate organic product from the mixing with the aqueous layer. Also, if precipitation did not form, we would need to add in MTBE solution and dry the solution with small amount of sodium sulfate.

The profiles show in the figure has the same trends in their removal for both catechol and p-benzoquinone. Besides, the removal is much higher on p-benzoquinone rather than catechol. The high removal of p-benzoquinone attributed to the chemical structure of the compound which is easy to convert into other intermediates or CO2 and water (Wu et al.,

the optimal conditions for removing amoxicillin from a synthetic solution were as follows: pH=1, initial concentration of the antibiotic=1 mg/L, nano-catalyst=1 mg/L and contact time=1 min. The greatest efficiency of antibiotic removal under optimal conditions obtained for synthetic solutions was 1% and for the real sample of the pharmaceutical industry wastewater was as much as 1%.

Endocrine disrupting chemicals also known as (EDCs) are hormonal chemicals, known for their alteration or blockage of organism’s hormones. (Trachsel, 2008) Hence, these chemicals are defined as xenobiotics, which refers to foreign bodies or agents to an organism system. (Trachsel, 2008) These EDCs found in aquatic environment have a variety of harm effects on animals, humans and or the ecosystem in general, that can differ the hemostasis due to the elimination of natural occurring hormones in animals or human bodies when they interfere with the synthesis and transportation of hormones that are responsible for growth, development and behavior. (A. Snyder, 2003) On the other hand, we have micropollutants that can found in aquatic and waste

The study will be performed under the OECD Principles of Good Laboratory Practice (GLP), as reviewed in 1997 (ENV/MC/CHEM (98)17). Regarding to the subject and the design of the study, the OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals (OECD Guideline 407, as adopted on 3rd October 2008) will also be followed.

IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD OF MASTER OF SCIENCE (ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY AND POLLUTION CONTROL)