Solid Waste Management: Sources and Classification

Waste Avoidance and Resource Recovery Act 2001The three bins shown in Fig 12 are used to dispose of the recyclables and organics in common. In the airport construction, there is a central waste area at which the waste (including recyclables and organics) is stored. Stockpiles and bins are used for storing, which are labelled and monitored. The typical 3 Bin garbage system is located throughout the community elsewhere. The first type is yellow bin, which is used for collecting recyclables. And the second one is a green bin for green waste. The last one is red bin.

Garbage includes refuse of any kind, whether generated by domestic, commercial or industrial activities and all forms of solid and liquid waste matter.

As per char and graph generation of solid waste in Australia is higher among all developed countries. The commercial, municipal waste and industrial waste is classified as the hazardous or nonhazardous waste, liquid or solid waste.

Hazardous wastes are poisonous byproducts of manufacturing, farming, city septic systems, construction, automotive shops, laboratories, hospitals, and other industries such as Military installations and military training areas. The waste may be liquid, solid, or sludge and contain chemicals, heavy metals, radiation, dangerous pathogens, or other toxins. Even households generate hazardous waste from items such as batteries, used computer equipment, and leftover paints or pesticides. The waste can harm humans, animals, and plants if they encounter these toxins buried in the ground, in stream runoff, in groundwater that supplies drinking

Solid waste was a problem even before air and water pollution issues attracted the notice of human civilization, problem related with solid waste are due to the invention of new

It is estimated by WRAP (Waste and Resources Action Programme) that the Construction Industry is responsible for some 120m tonnes of construction, demolition and excavation waste in the UK every year. According to (USEPA 2008) the United States generated approximately 250 million tons of municipal solid waste excluding the construction waste. The building-related construction and demolition (C&D) debris totals approximately to 160 million tons per year. This accounts for nearly 16 percent of non-industrial waste generation in the US. The comparison of (C&D) waste with municipal solid waste resulted in approximately two-thirds of all waste resulted from building construction, renovation and demolition in the US by (USEPA 2008).

Hazardous waste could be defined as “any industrial by-product, especially from the manufacture of chemicals that is destructive to the environment or dangerous to the health of people or animals.” (Dictionary.com, n.d) Similarly, according to the Environmental Protection Agency, “hazardous waste is waste that is dangerous or potentially harmful to our health or the environment. Hazardous wastes can be liquids, solids, gases, or sludges. They can be

When a waste cause threat to human health, it is considered as hazardous (RCRA, 1978). According to RCRA of USA all the wastes are solid

Waste includes both the demolition wastes and construction waste, which generate additional costs but do not add value to the building(Koskela 1992). Demolition waste are much morethan construction waste , almost 30 times.China generates enormous amounts of solid wastes that are growing rapidly in building sector. there are many shortcomings in the field of waste management: Waste management relies mainly on land filling, the rate of simple and uncontrolled disposal is still very high in building sector. The composition of the waste is very complex, with high water content and hazardous substances such as asbestos. The different solid waste fractions are mixed up, thereby hindering the efficient reuse(process S) and classification of the waste. The mix-disposal of waste causes pollutions that are not going to be ignored. Maghale Xiamen2013

Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) is what is commonly known as trash or garbage. The continents of Municipal Solid Waste consist of array of inorganic, organic, human solid waste, and hazardous materials. It has been said that in earlier history of waste management used open dumps as the popular method of waste deposal. The waste method used to make deposal of the waste during pre-industrial were not advanced at all ,however, overtime this has changed dramatically modern landfills are complex enterprises now. Solid waste landfills are now built to be environmentally friendly and have a higher protection against contaminants and motoring groundwater contaminants (Landfills, 2014). In the modern landfills there is consists

It also strongly impacts the environmental ecosystems and has the potential to affect our world harmfully. Solid Waste is one of the major environmental problems that are harmful to civilization and the universe (Adedipe, Sridhar, Baker, and Madhu 3). We all contribute to the accumulation of waste that is destroying our world. It is imperative that we manage and reduce waste in order to preserve and leave a sustainable ecosphere for future generations.

According to (United State Environmental Protection Agency, USEPA, 2000).solid waste incorporates any garbage, refuse, sludge and items that have lost its original value, thus discarded or preparing to dispose. One of the results of the worldwide urbanization is increasing volumes of solid waste era. As indicated by assessments around 1.3 billion metric tons of municipal solid waste was generated universally in 1990 (Beede and Bloom, 1995).

Suitability of various treatment methods depends on physical and chemical characteristics of waste (Fig.1). The method of treatment is decided based on moisture content, organic matter and total solids.

Definition: The Waste and Disposal Services Industry can be defined as the collection, management, processing, disposal, recycling, burning, and/or minimization of waste. The waste involved includes(but is not limited to) solid waste, hazardous waste, marine waste, human waste, food waste, organic waste, construction/demolition waste, other trash, and recyclables. Recently, the industry has taken great strides of innovation and now includes the process of burning waste to create energy using gas-to-energy plants.

Solid waste is the unwanted or useless solid materials generated from combined residential, industrial and commercial activities in a given area. It may be categorised according to its origin (domestic, industrial, commercial, construction or institutional); according to its contents (organic material, glass, metal, plastic paper etc); or according to hazard potential (toxic, non-toxin, flammable, radioactive, infectious etc). Management of solid waste reduces or eliminates adverse impacts on the environment and human health and supports economic development and improved quality of life. A number of processes are involved in effectively managing waste for a municipality. These