Solubility Advantages And Disadvantages Of Lubricants In Powders

Separation and Purification of the Components of an Analgesic Tablet. Cora Bruno, Lab Section E. Aspirin, Caffeine and Acetaminophen were separated from four analgesic tablets of Excedrin using extraction techniques. 5% wt/vol NaHCO3, 4M HCL, ethyl acetate and deionized water were used to separate the three active components. MgSO4 was used to dry each extraction. Aspirin was isolated using a hot water bath and weighed to determine the percent theoretical recovery and the actual percent recovery of aspirin. After separation, Aspirin (ASA), Caffeine (CAF), and Acetaminophen (ACE) were purified and identified using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC). Standards and purified ASA, CAF, and ACE were spotted on the silica gel (stationary phase) of the

In experiment two, the drug Panacetin was separated by a series of chemical reactions into its three components: sucrose, aspirin, and an unknown active ingredient, either acetanilide or phenacetin. The purpose of this lab was to determine what percentages of each component is present in the pain-killer. The initial step was to dissolve Panacetin in dichloromethane. However, sucrose is insoluble in dichloromethane because organic molecules are soluble in organic solvents, and dichloromethane is an inorganic solvent, so only aspirin and the unknown dissolved. By using gravity filtration, sucrose was filtered from the solution and 0.30g of solid was collected.

Antitussive drugs are one of the most extended formulations category in the world that use for supperessing cough and cold, for treating the symptoms of a cold or influenza and relief of cough(Allen and Popovich 2005)(Allen and Popovich 2005). Dextromethorphan (DXM).scheme 1.(o-3-methoxy- N-methylmorphinan) is a one of the older and popular antitussive drugs that used to treat the cold symptoms that effects centrally at the cough center to raise the threshold for coughing (Goodman 1990, Dale)(Goodman 1990, Dale)(Dale) DXM is also combined with other active ingredients like chloropheniramine and it could abuse or misuse for numbing and hallucinogenic such as LSD. (McFee, Mofenson, and Caraccio 2000, Mendelson 2001) (McFee, Mofenson, and Caraccio 2000, Mendelson 2001). therefore there is more concern about DXM determination in pharmaceutical dosage form. developing sensitive, simple, and rapid method for determination of DXM has been become an important target in control pharmaceutical dosage form.

The isolation of aspirin, acetaminophen, and caffeine from Excedrin utilized the differing acidities and polarities of the three compounds. Extraction involved separating the three components by reacting them with HCL and NaOH, while thin layer chromatography involved separating the isolated compounds on a TLC plate. The binder was the first component extracted; followed by aspirin, acetaminophen, and caffeine was extracted last since it is a neutral and polar compound. The entire process can be seen in figure 1. The most utilized methods of extraction were gravity filtration and vacuum filtration which are displayed in figures 3 and 4 respectively. These methods were utilized to separate compounds based upon their differing

Manufacturing theophylline formulations come with challenges for both the anhydrous and hydrate. For the anhydrous form, a study showed that the wet granulation of theophylline anhydrous in conjunction with microcrystalline cellulose, led to the formation of the monohydrate form of the drug. This is significant because the monohydrate has slower dissolution than the anhydrous form of theophylline. Thus the method of manufacture is highly important as the study showed directly compressed pellets had better dissolution profiles. Also it shows the importance of the choice of excipients as pellets manufactured via wet granulation in the absence of microcrystalline cellulose showed similar release to that of directly anhydrous theophylline.

Surfactants, also known as detergents, are molecules that have a non-polar end and a polar end. They can blend compounds that normally are not soluble in water alone. Substances that would normally stay separate in water will not when there is a surfactant mixed in with it. Phosphates are compounds that have a phosphate and an ionic charge. They work well against stains that have iron oxide in it.

In this experiment, several analgesics were analyzed by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) and the composition of an unknown tablet was identified. We define chromatography as the separation of two or more compounds or ions by their molecular interactions by either a moving or a stationary phase.1 There are different types of chromatography: Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC), Gas Liquid Chromatography (GC), and Column Chromatography (CC). All of which there two phases:

Which brand of painkilling medicine dissolves the fastest and does flavor, coating, and color of the pill affect the dissolution time? If several different pain neutralizing pills are placed in stomach acid and timed in order to find out which pill dissolves first, then the most effective pill will be the first to dissolve. In order to test this, eight different types of pain neutralizing medicine were put into simulated stomach acid and timed. Normal strength, liquid gel capsules, and children's flavored pills were all tested. In order to accurately simulate stomach acid, vinegar, which has the same pH levels of stomach acid, was heated to thirty seven degrees Celsius and stirred constantly and evenly. The pills tested were Advil, Children's

Compounding is an important facet of pharmaceutics that allows the formulation of specific drugs for individual patients. The work done at compounding pharmacies permits the development of medicinal products for patients that cannot tolerate certain components from mass production pharmaceutical companies. These individuals may require uniquely compounded agents to be flavorless, preservative-free, dye-free, liquid, solid, or more. These specialty production facilities are necessary for therapy and an acceptable quality of life for individuals with specific needs. Recently, the patient-driven role of designer therapeutics that compounding pharmacies occupy was overshadowed when a manmade epidemic was produced a medical catastrophe when supposedly sterile materials were contaminated with infectious agents.1

The aim of present work was to develop and evaluate risperidone (BCS Class II drug from antipsychotic category) nanosuspension stabilized with combination of Polycaprolactone (PCL) and Pluronic® F-68 as stabilizers. Lyophilization as solidification method was accessed for its suitability with selective cryoprotectants (Trehalose dihydrate and sorbitol). Various process parameters affecting average particle size and PDI were optimized. Formulation was found to be stable at 5°C for 3 months. Cumulative drug release profile obtained shown developed nanosuspension formulation to be giving cumulative % release of ~50% in initial 10 hours whereas value for unprocessed drug was ~11% in same time frame. These findings suggest that developed

What do they do? – Surfactants lower the surface tension of a liquid. They change the properties of materials.

Notwithstanding this, dosage forms or pharmaceutical kits/packages that embody a fixed dosage regime that do not involve “any professional decision-making have been accepted as patentable” (Abbvie, at para. 112]; CIPO).

Wordell also explained that sustained release tablets have two important advantages over other drugs, one “they are effective for a longer period of time” and “two they frequently cause fewer adverse reactions.” Since sustained release tablets are designed to release the drug slowly over time, crushing or damaging the “wax matrix” may cause the patient to “receive too much of the drug too soon” and the patient “may suffer increased adverse reactions” as explained by Wordell. The expected effect of the drug may also not be met and the symptoms may reoccur before the next schedule dose Wordell further expressed. Sustained released capsule “contains beads” that releases the drugs in the same process as that of sustained release tablets. While you may be able to open a sustained release capsule and mixing the “beads” which food or juice, you must be very carefully and ensure that the beads or not popped during mixing Wordell emphasized. This will also cause the patient to receive too much of the drug at a much faster rate and this will also cause very serious adverse

Types of Bitumen Emulsions Bitumen emulsions are available in many different forms, either cationic or anionic, with varying breaking or setting rates and binder types and contents.

Marcela Ramirez-Campos Y et al reported that the effect of formulation variables on verapamil hydrochloride release from hydrated HPMC matrices, among different variables that influence drug release from hydrated hydrophilic matrices, the polymer proportion, the drug dose and the matrix pH can be included. The release profiles showed zero order kinetics for drug dissolution proportions up to 70%.The increase of the matrix pH from 5.0 to 8.0 increased the release rate. The effect of both pH and drug load becomes lesser as the matrix polymer proportion increases from 5% to 15% w/w.