Credit crunch is a normal phenomenon. Every economy faces it. It is a situation where “there is reduction is the availability of loans in the market in spite of the increase in interest rates”. (Turner, 2008) This results in a mismatch. It is a situation where “the interest rates don’t match with the credit availability as a result the relationship gets hampered”. (Turner, 2008) It is a situation which happens during recession. It is important to find out the reasons. Some of the reasons for it are
• Decrease in bank capital: After a recession situation banks are not able to match the demand. The demand for loans rises. During the recession period banks incur loss. As a result they are not able to lend in the same way. So, when the demand
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This makes them certain decision which they know are wrong but they don’t want to change. Rigidity in their decision affects the outcome. This causes taking a wrong decision. Thus, not having the desire to change affects the decision and causes crunch.
• Lending to below poverty line customer: Lending money to people who don’t have proper financial condition results in failure. “People with unstable income are not able to return the loan and these causes less money with the bank to lend thus forming a circle and affecting the economy”. (Turner, 2008) This is what happened recently. The housing bubble was this. Banks had given loan to people not having proper records. This resulted in defaults. Even the housing prices fell. As a result banks suffered losses. This was because they had sold securities on the basis of property. The fall in the price and default of loans resulted in banks failure. This made less money in the system. As a result credit was unavailable. This resulted in less people getting loans and created a credit crunch in the entire world.
• Financial Innovation: Coming with “new financial products increased risks as people are unsure how the product will function both in the long and short run”. (Andrew, 2008) This has resulted in people over estimating. They have underestimated risk. As a result risk is more. Thus creating a crunch in the system.
• Over confidence: This resulted in “mispricing of the risk”. (Andrew, 2008) This made authorities over
The main problem for low income households and those that have had credit problems in the past, are they may be financially excluded from mainstream financial products such as bank accounts, and will have to pay higher rates for services like utility bills as they can’t pay by direct debit. When these types of households needs to
This means banks “…must quickly liquidate loans and sell its assets (often at rock-bottom prices) to come up with the necessary cash, and the losses they suffer can threaten the bank’s solvency.” The next factor was unemployment. Many people lost their life-saving in investment. With the lack of fund, many stop spending and saved with
If a poor family of five suddenly has their refrigerator break they will think that their only option is to take out a short term loan to be able to afford to fix it. They end up paying ridiculously high interest rates over a long span of time, forcing them to pay over five times what they needed in the first place in some occasions. Another example of this is financing offered by major companies, an average iPad would normally cost under six hundred dollars upfront, but the company Apple offers a family looking to purchase one a weekly payment plan for a year and a half. After seventy-eight weeks the family can end up paying just slightly under two thousand dollars for the same iPad. The poor often don’t trust banks either, this is because of a combination of factors. They take their loans out at banks if they’re lucky enough to be approved, with APR, annual percentage rates, as high as six hundred precent. Even though these loans are meant to take weeks at a time at most to repay, researcheers have found the on average poor families take up to nine of these loans and end up being indebted for over a year! They do not read or understand the terms and conditions that they decide to sign. Banks also charge overdraft fees for the poor who already had trouble managing their money, as well as banking fees if they cannot meet the monthly minimum account balance.
The recession of 2008, which we are only just starting to come out of, happened as a result of a few major factors. The primary factor was the deregulation of banks during the Bush administration. Another factor was that banks offered loans without looking into the financial stability of borrowers or businesses. Also, credit unions, savings and loans, and banks entered into competition with each other. The Security and Exchange Commission, S.E.C., reduced requirements so that banks could pile up debts.
An economic recession occurs when the economy is suffering, and unemployment is on a rise. A drop in the stock market and a decrease in the housing market will also affect the economy due to a recession. Higher interest rates affect the economy constrain liquidly or the cash available to invest in stocks and businesses. Inflation alludes to the rise in prices of goods and services which also puts a strain on the economy further adding to a recession. Businesses were lost and consumer spending dwindled the only category that remained safe was healthcare. The economic meaning of a recession is a decline in the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) consisting of two consecutive quarters on a decline. If the economy is bad consumers are less likely to spend money on goods and service. The effects of a declining economy forced the government to create monetary
Many people today would consider the 2008, United States financial crisis a simple “malfunction” or “mistake”, but it was nothing close to that. Contrary to what many believe, renowned economists and financial advisors regarded the financial crisis of 2007 and 2008 to be the most devastating crisis since the Great Depression of the 1930’s. To make matters worse, the decline in the economy expanded nationwide, resulting in the recession of 2007 to 2009 (Brue). David Einhorn, CEO of GreenHorn Capital, even goes as far as to say "What strikes me the most about the recent credit market crisis is how fast the world is trying to go back to business as usual. In my view, the crisis wasn't an accident. We didn't get unlucky. The crisis came
Both recessions were drenched in high interest rates. In hopes of limiting liquidity, interests rates rose; this only crushed optimism(“What is Economic…”). Who could promise to pay a loan with ridiculous interest rates when a promise to put food on the table is questioned? Also, reduced wages competed with rising inflation. Workers’ paychecks couldn’t keep up with the inflation(“Financial Crisis…”). The only people who had a chance to save the economy were hopeless and unconfident. Consumers that believe the economy is bad do not spend
Financial crisis is really a major concern for all economies in the world. Every time a crisis occurs, companies, banks and financial institutions should draw their own lessons, because if the lessons are not recognized, they may still go on the trail of failure of
Little regulation in the banking industry allowed for risky investments and banks to grow out of proportion ultimately causing the Great Recession. The Great Recession of 2008 had many parallels with the Great Depression of 1929 and when compared it can be concluded that history repeats itself when the necessary precautions are not put into place. The Great Depression and the Great Recession each followed periods of exceptional business investment, productivity growth and economic gain. Interestingly preceding both these events too much leveraging was taking place leading to both of the collapses. Although leverage can be a good financial strategy, in the cases of the Great
Levin, Carl, and Tom Coburn. United States. United States Senate. Wall Street and the Financial Crisis: Anatomy of a Financial Collapse. Washington: Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs, 2010.
“Since 2007 to mid 2009, global financial markets and systems have been in the grip of the worst financial crisis since the depression era of the late 1920s. Major Banks in the U.S., the U.K. and Europe have collapsed and been bailed out by state aid”. (Valdez and Molyneux, 2010) Identify the main macroeconomic and microeconomic causes that resulted in the above-mentioned crisis and make an assessment of the success or otherwise of the actions taken by the U.K government to resolve the problem.
The U.S. subprime mortgage crisis was a set of events that led to the 2008 financial crisis, characterized by a rise in subprime mortgage defaults and foreclosures. This paper seeks to explain the causes of the U.S. subprime mortgage crisis and how this has led to a generalized credit crisis in other financial sectors that ultimately affects the real economy. In recent decades, financial industry has developed quickly and various financial innovation techniques have been abused widely, which is the main cause of this international financial crisis. In addition, deregulation, loose monetary policies of the Federal Reserve, shadow banking system also play
Housing prices in the United States rose steadily after the World War II. Although some research indicated that the financial crisis started in the US housing market, the main cause of the financial crisis between 2007 and 2009 was actually the combination of housing bubble and credit boom. The banks created so much loan that pushed the housing price to the peak. As the bank lend out a huge amount of money, the level of individual debt also rose along with the housing price. Since the debt rose faster than people’s income, people were unable to repay their loan and bank found themselves were in danger. As this showed a signal for people, people withdrew money from the banks they considered as “safe” before, and increased the “haircuts” on repos and difficulties experienced by commercial paper issuers. This caused the short term funding market in the shadow banking system appeared a
What is the European Debt Crisis? The European Debt Crisis is the failure of the Euro, a currency that ties seventeen European countries together. In this paper, I will be describing the cause and effect of the debt crisis along with what would happen if the European Union stayed with the economy they have. Then what I believe is the best solution to fixing the debt crisis.
This paper is mainly focusing on the historical background and causes of debt crisis in late 1970s and 1980s.