South Africa: The Vaal Triangle

In Streetwise, Elijah Anderson (1990) discusses the social forces at work in an urban area he calls the Village-Northton. His is a sociological field study of the daily interactions between the residents of an area encompassing two communities--in his words, "one black and low income to very poor (with an extremely high infant mortality rate), [and] the other racially mixed but becoming increasingly middle to upper income and white" (Anderson, 1990, p. ix). In keeping with valid sociological fieldwork, Anderson (1990) immersed himself in the community from the summer of 1975 through the summer of 1989.

Seafloor spreading when new oceanic crust is being created where two tectonic plates are diverging from one another. One of the largest examples of this is the East African Rift Valley. “In simple terms, a rift can be thought of as a fracture in the earth 's surface that widens over time, or more technically, as an elongate basin bounded by opposed steeply dipping normal faults” (geology.com). The East African Rift is a 3000 km long feature that began developing millions of years ago. The rift travels up through the lakes on the eastern side of Africa up towards the Arabian Peninsula and down through Mozambique and Zimbabwe(britannica.com). It is “the southern part of the Great Rift Valley, one of the most tectonically active regions in

Rather than promoting the integration of Blacks into White society, they preached complete isolation, even to the extent of ANC members joining the PAC party in 1959, after saying they were influenced by ‘White Communists’. However, despite this, similar to the ANC, opposition to apartheid wasn’t all as successful as they could have been. The most prominent form of opposition presented by the PAC was Sharpesville, later dubbed ‘The Sharpseville massacre’. Similar to the ANC’s ‘Defiance campaign’, this campaign had originally been intended to be peaceful, merely approaching the police station singing and showing they are ready to be arrested. However, it is assumed that following the prior campaign, law enforcement were on high alert for these protests. 69 people were killed, with all of them being Black. This still didn’t have any form of affect on the opposition of apartheid. However, it could be assumed that this reached some form of international news, informing other members of the UN, etc, to the racial crises occurring in South

Before the 1880s, the are of eastern Brooklyn that was to become Brownsville was known as New Lots. This territory was primarily farmland, but it was also the location of the city’s largest waste dump, as well as the site of several facilities that supplied stone and other building materials. In its early history, New Lots had a diverse population. English and Irish settlers, Jewish immigrants, and a small number of African-Americans farmed the land. Others were attracted to the area by the open space and relatively fresh fresh air it provided. Brownsville at one time was a place for waste-disposal, a tenement slum, a haven for Jews before they were accepted, the cradle of a major crime origination, a testing-ground for public-housing and

Before getting into the case of Ocean Hill-Brownsville, Podair begins by discussing how the New York population became so divided in the first place. After WWII ended in 1945, the industry landscape shifted from on one that mainly relied on manufacturing to one contrived of service occupations. As a result, there was a plummet in the demand for low education labor, and a spike in the desire for workers with higher education. Resultantly, black communities were marginalized and jobless. Similarly, housing constraints and de facto segregation lead to mainly black neighborhoods, leading to neighborhoods that provided abysmal education for its local youth. A region in the Bronx that epitomized this lackluster educational system is the schooling system of Ocean Hill-Brownsville.

The first neighborhood Hartigan describes in his study is Briggs. The demographic and population size of Briggs changed over time since 1930 from 24,000 residents that were 99 percent white to less than 3,000 residents that are over 50 percent white, 30 percent black, and 10 percent Hispanic (Hartigan 1999). Hartigan explains that the reduction of white residents was known as the “white flight” that occurred as the neighborhood changed overtime. Despite the drop in white residents, they still comprise the majority, which contrasts the demographics of Detroit as a whole (83 percent black, 11 percent white, 7 percent Hispanic/Latino, and

Clarksville Tennessee is a city that is made up of one hundred and forty thousand five hundred and sixty three people. That makes Clarksville the fifth largest city among others in Tennessee, and it is constantly growing (infoplease.com). The diversity amongst the population is recorded at just under sixty seven percent Caucasian, just under twenty three percent African American, and just over two percent Asian. The socioeconomic status of Clarksville’s population is varied through all strata of the spectrum. Of the seventy six thousand five hundred and eighty one Clarksville residents who are over the age of sixteen there are fifty four thousand six hundred and eighty currently in the labor force and twenty one thousand nine hundred and one not currently in the labor force. Clarksville’s population comprises of thirty six thousand nine hundred and eighty seven households whose yearly income can be defined between twenty five thousand and thirty four thousand nine hundred and ninety nine dollars at six thousand three hundred and sixty eight households, fifty thousand to seventy four thousand nine hundred and ninety nine dollars at seven thousand two hundred and eighty four households, and one hundred and fifty to one hundred ninety nine thousand nine hundred and ninety nine dollars at only two hundred and fifty six households. While this data does not cover the entire spectrum, it paints the picture of an economically diverse city. Education level among Clarksville residents

Biddleville like many “ring villages”, was a community that shared a distinct southern uniqueness in that

As a busy “cross roads community” at the base of the Blue Ridge Mountains, Linglestown was soon built up as an area of commerce, cultural, religious, and educated people (Linglestown History, nd). The Square became the center of the community surrounded by schools, churches, shops, and a community park. The demography of many small towns change over time due to the influence of social factors; however, the demography of Linglestown remains similar to when the European settlers arrived in the Village (Moore & Asay, 2013).

1). Initially, the town was built for the sole purpose of mills and mill-workers. Many multifamily comes were created to house families of mill-worker to ensure close proximity to the mills and a quick commute if there was a commute at all. A bike path was created and later easy access to public transportation was made available. In the 1980’s the mill industry had died down and the depopulation of about 16% (The City of Providence, 2016, p. 1). This had a devastating effect on the community of Olneyville. A huge percent of the jobs was no longer available and this effected the lives of many. In fact, many residents moved when to neighboring cities in pursue of a job. Those that stayed in Olneyville did the best with what they had which wasn’t much. Poverty stuck half of the population and the face of the community the homes, business and streets told a story of hardship. Today Olneyville is in the process of rebuilding their community, remodeling their homes and creating a pedestrian friendly neighborhood. This period of rebuilding has been many years in the making and while much has changed in Olneyville the history and the character is still the same. The Mill building are still standing strong as the day they were built but with a modern twist. The resilience of the community is everlasting, they pull together in times of need and make a negative situation a

In 1976, in his early thirties Harold Ruttenberg a native of South Africa and a successful businessman immigrated to the United States to avoid the political and economic turbulence within his home country. While living in South Africa Ruttenberg created a thriving retail business, but with the strict immigration laws in Africa he was only allowed to take $30,000 of his net worth with him to the U.S. Upon his arrival to the U.S. Ruttenberg began to settle in California to later realize with his limited resources, properties in that area were very expensive. Therefore, the strong-willed successful entrepreneur decided to move his wife and three children once more to an environment that was more affordable.

The neighborhood I will be analyzing is Southwood; the neighborhood that I have lived in for 23 years. The neighborhood is off of State Road 15 and is located 2 miles outside of city limits, 4 miles from downtown Warsaw. The neighborhood is located across the highway from an affluent neighborhood and is mainly surrounded by fields. Southwood is strictly residential with a mixture of traditional, modular, and manufacture homes. The socio-economic demographics are mainly Caucasian, middle class, and a mixture of young families and retirees. However, ethnic heterogeneity has never seemed to be an issue concerning non-Caucasian families in the neighborhood

The movie invictus portrays a very controversial issue that has been presented throughout history in many ethnic groups and is seen in societies up to these days. The apartheid is clearly pictured in the movie through many of the attitudes and actions that people take towards the other race they live in their day by day. What is more, Mandela constitutes one of the most important figures in South Africa, especially for the black race as he liberated them from the apartheid. From those days Mandela has been recognized worldwide as a major symbol of the rainbow nation; a reality of distinction between the black and the white people and its establishing differe nces.

Many of the contemporary issues in South Africa can easily be associated with the apartheid laws which devastated the country. The people of South Africa struggle day by day to reverse “the most cruel, yet well-crafted,” horrific tactic “of social engineering.” The concept behind apartheid emerged in 1948 when the nationalist party took over government, and the all-white government enforced “racial segregation under a system of legislation” . The central issues stem from 50 years of apartheid include poverty, income inequality, land ownership rates and many other long term affects that still plague the brunt of the South African population while the small white minority still enjoy much of the wealth, most of the land and opportunities

South Africa endured one of the worst colonialisation any country could have went through, whereby the Apartheid regime objectively disregarded the economic participation of the black over to those of the white population. However, the new democratic government would thereby be challenged with effectively having to deal with the challenges in which the past government had left behind. Therefore, in effectively trying to deal with the issues, alternative approaches have to be implemented in order to deliver on the challenges of the public. On the contrary, this essay will critically compare and discuss the liberal and free market, as well as the state interventionist approach as alternative solutions in dealing with current issues of social security, the health and school systems. Which would be able to transform current developmental challenges facing South Africa. In summary, the essay will thereby state which approach can transform South Africa in effectively dealing with developmental challenges currently facing South Africa.